Weather NWS

US weather forecasts via National Weather Service (NWS) with automatic fallback to global weather for non-US locations. Provides detailed accumulation data, watches/warnings, and actionable timing. Use for: US-based weather queries, winter storm forecasts, precipitation accumulation estimates, severe weather alerts. Automatically falls back to global weather via wttr.in for international locations.

Weather NWS Skill

Get detailed US weather forecasts from the National Weather Service with automatic global fallback, hourly forecasts, air quality data, and structured winter storm accumulations.

What This Skill Does

This skill operates in 8 modes to match your query:

Mode	When It Activates	What You Get
🌦️ Standard Forecast	Default (no time specified)	12-hour forecast with today/tonight/tomorrow
⏰ Hourly Forecast	Time-specific query detected	Hour-by-hour breakdown (~156 periods, 7 days)
🌨️ Winter Storm	Keywords like "snow," "storm"	12-hour + structured accumulation data
💨 AQI Report	--aqi flag included	Current + forecast air quality index
🌡️ Observed vs Forecast	--current flag included	Current station readings with comparison
☀️ Astronomical Times	--astro flag included	Sunrise/sunset, twilight, moon phase
✈️ Aviation Forecast	--taf flag included	Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
🔥 Fire Weather	--fire flag included	Fire danger, red flag warnings
🌍 Global Fallback	Non-US location	wttr.in data (less detailed)

AirNow API Key (Optional but Recommended)

The AirNow API works without a key but has limitations:

Without API Key	With API Key
Rate limited (requests may fail)	Higher rate limits
No guaranteed availability	Priority access
May return empty results	Reliable AQI data

Getting an API Key

1. Visit: https://docs.airnowapi.org/account/request/
2. Fill out the request form (free for personal use)
3. Key arrives via email within 1-2 business days

Setting the API Key

Option 1: Environment Variable (Recommended)

bash

export AIRNOW_API_KEY="your-api-key-here"

Option 2: OpenClaw Config (Persistent) Add to your OpenClaw config under skills.entries.weather-nws.env:

json

{
  "skills": {
    "entries": {
      "weather-nws": {
        "env": {
          "AIRNOW_API_KEY": "your-api-key-here"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

When to Use

✅ USE this skill when:

• "What's the weather in [US city]?"
• "How much snow is expected?"
• "Winter storm forecast for [location]"
• "Will it rain tomorrow in [US city]?"
• "What time will the rain stop?"
• "Air quality in [city] today"
• Any US-based weather query

🔄 Automatic fallback:

• Non-US locations → wttr.in
• NWS API unavailable → wttr.in
• Both sources fail → clear error message

Quick Start

bash

# Run the unified weather script
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "New York, NY"

# Force specific source if needed (normally auto-detected)
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "London, UK" --source wttr

# Get hourly forecast (auto-detected or forced)
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston at 8 PM"
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Chicago" --hourly

# Include air quality
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Seattle" --aqi

Hourly Auto-Detection

The skill automatically detects time-specific language and switches to hourly forecast:

text

"Boston at 8 PM"        → ⏰ Hourly mode
"Boston tonight"         → ⏰ Hourly mode
"Boston tomorrow morning" → ⏰ Hourly mode
"Boston at 5:30"         → ⏰ Hourly mode
"When will it stop raining?" → ⏰ Hourly mode

Patterns detected:

• at 8 PM, at 5:30, etc.
• tonight, this afternoon
• tomorrow morning/afternoon/night
• when will..., how long until...

Air Quality (--aqi)

Adds AirNow AQI data to any forecast:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston" --aqi

Output includes:

• Current AQI with color-coded emoji (🟢 🟡 🟠 🔴 🟣 🔵)
• Primary pollutant (PM2.5, O3, etc.)
• Health recommendation based on category
• 3-day AQI forecast

AQI Categories:

Range	Category	Emoji	Recommendation
0-50	Good	🟢	Enjoy outdoor activities
51-100	Moderate	🟡	Sensitive groups limit exertion
101-150	Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups	🟠	Children/elderly limit outdoor activities
151-200	Unhealthy	🔴	Everyone reduce outdoor exertion
201-300	Very Unhealthy	🟣	Avoid outdoor activities
301-500	Hazardous	🔵	Stay indoors — health alert

Output Format

The script provides consistent output regardless of source:

Header: Location and current alert status Today → Tonight → Tomorrow: Structured timeline Accumulation: Specific snow/rain amounts when available Bottom Line: Actionable summary with timing

Implementation

The script handles:

1. Geocoding location to lat/long
2. Detecting if location is in US
3. Calling NWS API for US locations (detailed accumulation)
4. Falling back to wttr.in for non-US (basic forecast)
5. Formatting consistent output with emojis and structure

Limitations

• NWS: US only, requires internet, rate limited
• wttr.in: Global, less detail on accumulation, no official watches/warnings
• AirNow: US + Canada only, requires API key for reliable access

Examples

US winter storm query:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston, MA"

→ Returns NWS data with accumulation estimates

International location:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Toronto, Canada"

→ Automatically uses wttr.in, notes it's non-US

With air quality:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Seattle" --aqi

→ Weather + AQI data with health recommendations

Observed vs Forecast:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston" --current

→ Current station readings with forecast comparison

Combined features:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Seattle" --aqi --current

→ Full weather report with all data sources

Phase 3 features:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston" --astro       # Sunrise/sunset times
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "SFO" --taf           # Aviation forecast
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "California" --fire    # Fire weather
python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Denver" --astro --aqi --current  # Everything!

Observed vs Forecast (--current)

Shows actual measured conditions from the nearest NWS observation station alongside the forecast:

text

🌡️ **Observed Conditions**
   **Actually 43°F (3° warmer than 40° forecast)**
   ☁️ Partly Cloudy
   💨 WNW 8 mph • 💧 36% humidity • 🌫️ Dewpoint 18°F • 📊 Pressure 29.86 inHg • 👀 Visibility 10+ mi

Fields shown:

• Temperature with forecast delta
• Conditions description
• Wind speed and direction
• Humidity percentage
• Dewpoint
• Barometric pressure (inHg)
• Visibility

Alert Priorities

When alerts are active, they're displayed with enhanced formatting using severity/urgency/certainty weighting:

Factor	Weights
Severity	Extreme (4) > Severe (3) > Moderate (2) > Minor (1)
Urgency	Immediate (3) > Expected (2) > Future (1)
Certainty	Observed (3) > Likely (2) > Possible (1)

Severity Styling:

Severity	Emoji	Badge
Extreme	⚫	EXTREME
Severe	🔴	SEVERE
Moderate	🟠	MODERATE
Minor	🟡	MINOR

Alert display includes:

• Event name with severity badge
• Urgency tag: ⏰ Immediate / 📅 Expected / 🔮 Future
• Time range (onset → expires)
• First sentence of description
• Recommended response action

Example:

text

🟠 [**MODERATE**] **Winter Storm Warning**
   📅 Expected | *Winter Storm Warning from 6 PM to 10 AM EST*
   🕐 6:00 PM → 10:00 AM
   📝 Heavy snow expected with accumulations of 6-10 inches...
   👉 🎒 Prepare now

References

• references/nws-api.md — NWS API endpoint details
• references/airnow-api.md — AirNow API documentation

Phase 3 Features

Astronomical Times (--astro)

Shows sunrise, sunset, civil twilight, and moon phase information:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "Boston" --astro

Output includes:

• 🌅 Sunrise: Time with countdown/ago
• 🌇 Sunset: Time with countdown/ago
• 💡 Civil Twilight: Dawn and dusk times (useful for runners, cyclists)
• ⏱️ Daylight: Total hours of daylight
• 🌙 Moon: Current phase with illumination percentage

Example:

text

☀️ **Astronomical Times — Boston**

🌅 **Sunrise:** 6:22 AM (12h ago)
🌇 **Sunset:** 5:31 PM (in 2h)
💡 **Civil Twilight:** 5:55 AM – 5:58 PM
⏱️ **Daylight:** 11h 9m
🌙 **Moon:** 🌓 First Quarter (50.0%)

Aviation Forecast (--taf)

Shows Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) for the nearest aviation weather station:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "SFO" --taf

Note: TAFs are designed for aviation use. The report provides:

• Station identifier
• Wind conditions and direction
• Visibility
• Cloud ceiling information

Important: This is informational only. Always check official sources for flight planning.

Fire Weather (--fire)

Shows fire danger information for wildfire-prone areas:

bash

python3 ./scripts/get_weather.py "California" --fire

Output includes:

• Fire danger level (if elevated)
• 🔥 Red Flag Warnings (if active)
• Fire weather zone forecast
• Source attribution

Red Flag Warnings indicate critical fire weather conditions (low humidity + high winds).

Changelog

v1.3.0 (2026-02-26) - Phase 3

• Added --astro flag for sunrise/sunset, twilight, and moon phase
• Added --taf flag for Aviation Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts
• Added --fire flag for fire weather danger and red flag warnings
• Added moon phase calculation (waxing/waning, illumination %)
• Added daylight hours calculation
• Added civil twilight detection for runners/cyclists

v1.2.0 (2026-02-26) - Phase 2

• Added --current flag for station observations vs forecast comparison
• Enhanced alert formatting with severity/urgency/certainty priority scoring
• Added temperature delta comparison (warmer/cooler than forecast)
• Added full observation details: humidity, dewpoint, pressure, visibility

v1.1.0 (2026-02-26)

• Added hourly forecast with temporal query auto-detection
• Added AirNow AQI integration (--aqi flag)
• Added structured grid data for winter storm accumulations
• Fixed AirNow API endpoint URLs

v1.0.0 (2026-02-22)

• Initial release: NWS API with wttr.in fallback
• 12-hour forecast periods
• Alert integration
• Accumulation estimates from text parsing