Sands

Calendar management. Use for viewing, querying, creating, modifying, deleting, or analyzing calendar events. Handles natural-language scheduling, conflict detection with flexibility classification, free slot finding, automatic travel time event insertion between consecutive appointments, recurring event management, and daily schedule briefings for Vesper. Do not use for reminders without calendar context, task management, or general time/timezone questions.

Interactive Menu

When invoked interactively (via / command), present a two-level menu. See references/interactive-menu.md for the menu structure and response parsing logic.

Sands manages calendar events through natural language — creating, querying, modifying, and deleting events across personal and work calendars. It detects scheduling conflicts with flexibility classification, finds free time slots, inserts travel time blocks via Google Places API, and emits structured schedule briefs to Vesper for morning and evening briefings.

When to Use

• Calendar event creation, modification, and deletion
• Multi-calendar coordination (Personal, Shannon, Family)
• Appointment scheduling with conflict detection
• Focus time and out-of-office management
• When any skill needs calendar operations

For example, when the user says "schedule a meeting with at 3pm tomorrow," Sands creates the event with conflict pre-check and smart duration defaults.

When NOT to Use

• Email or message sending (use Dispatch)
• Content generation or research
• Booking non-calendar appointments (use Spot)
• Travel planning (use Voyage)

Responsibility boundary

Sands owns calendar event management, conflict analysis, flexibility classification, travel time insertion via Google Places API, and emitting schedule signals to Vesper.

Sands does not own: communications (Dispatch), travel reservations (Voyage), general research (Sift), entity knowledge (Weave).

Ontology types

Sands works with these types from spec-ocas-ontology.md:

• Place — event locations resolved via Google Places API during sands.logistics.travel. Location data retained in decisions.jsonl as decision context only.
• Event (Concept subclass) — calendar events managed through Google Calendar, not Chronicle.

Sands queries entity context from:

• Weave (read-only) — attendee identity resolution during conflict classification
• Chronicle — current location context for travel departure resolution

Commands

• sands.calendar.query — pull events for a time window; merged view with work busy overlay
• sands.event.create — create event from natural language with conflict pre-check and smart duration defaults
• sands.event.modify — update event with recurring scope control and post-modify conflict re-check
• sands.event.delete — cancel event with travel block cleanup and recurring scope control
• sands.event.undo — revert most recent calendar action (within 24 hours)
• sands.schedule.free — find available time slots for a given duration with constraints
• sands.schedule.conflicts — analyze time window for conflicts with flexibility classification. See references/conflict-report-format.md for output template.
• sands.logistics.travel — insert travel time block between events via Google Places API
• sands.briefing.generate — generate structured schedule summary for Vesper emission
• sands.status — skill health, configured calendars, API connectivity, current timezone
• sands.journal — write journal for the current run; called at end of every run
• sands.update — pull latest from GitHub source; preserves journals and data
• sands.chronicle.sync — push travel, medical, and personal calendar events into Chronicle as persistent facts

See references/briefing_windows.md for morning/evening briefing time window definitions. See references/credential-files.md for Google Places API key and OAuth token details, including token staleness handling.

Run completion

After every Sands command:

• Persist event interactions to events.jsonl (event_id, calendar_id, title, start, end, action, recurrence_scope, previous_values)
• Log material decisions (conflict resolutions, travel insertions) to decisions.jsonl
• Write journal via sands.journal — Observation Journal for query/free/conflicts/status, Action Journal for create/modify/delete/travel/brief/undo

Post-mutation verification: After any create/modify/delete command, re-query the calendar for the affected event ID and confirm the change is reflected (correct title, time, calendar placement, or removal). If the event state does not match what was requested, log a calendar_mismatch entry in evidence.jsonl and alert the user — never silently assume the write succeeded.

Hard boundaries

• Never write to work_calendar_id — read/overlay as busy blocks only
• All-day events do not trigger conflicts with timed events unless explicitly asked
• Never auto-resolve conflicts — present options, let the user choose
• Never use a hardcoded home address or assume a fixed city for travel departure
• Never silently fall back to distance heuristics if Google Places API is unavailable — surface warning and ask for manual estimate
• Undo window is 24 hours; recurring event scope changes cannot be undone

Recovery Behavior

This skill implements the recovery contract from spec-ocas-recovery.md.

• Evidence: Every scheduled run writes an evidence record to {agent_root}/commons/data/ocas-sands/evidence.jsonl, including no-op runs. The not_activity_reason field is mandatory when no side effects occur.
• Gap detection: On every wake, checks the evidence log. If gap exceeds cadence (24h for briefs, 24h for conflict-scan), logs gap_detected.
• Degraded mode: When Google Calendar API or Google Places API fail, logs degraded: <api> and continues with available data.
• Log compaction: Evidence and decision logs older than 30 days (no-op) or 90 days (error/gap) compacted. Last 7 days retained.

Storage layout

See references/schemas.md for the full storage layout and default config.json.

OKRs

Universal OKRs from spec-ocas-journal.md apply to all runs. See references/okrs.md for details.

Optional skill cooperation

• Weave — attendee identity resolution and current location context
• Chronicle — current location or travel context
• Voyage — travel reservations detected in calendar surfaced for Voyage to manage
• Vesper — Vesper reads Sands schedule briefs at journal payload fields (see interfaces specification) during briefing generation (cooperative write; Sands pushes to Vesper (via journal briefing payload))

Journal outputs

• Observation Journal — sands.calendar.query, sands.schedule.free, sands.schedule.conflicts, sands.status
• Action Journal — sands.event.create, sands.event.modify, sands.event.delete, sands.event.undo, sands.logistics.travel, sands.briefing.generate

Initialization

On first invocation of any Sands command, run sands.init:

• Create {agent_root}/commons/data/ocas-sands/ directory
• Write default config.json with ConfigBase fields if absent
• Create empty JSONL files: decisions.jsonl, events.jsonl, evidence.jsonl, intents.jsonl
• Create {agent_root}/commons/journals/ocas-sands/ and ensure both journal files exist (create empty if absent): action.jsonl, observation.jsonl
• Register cron jobs listed below if not already present (check the platform scheduling registry first)
• Log initialization as a DecisionRecord in decisions.jsonl

Background tasks

Registered during sands.init. Always check existing jobs before registering:

Job name	Schedule	Command	Purpose
sands:morning-brief	0 6 * * *	sands.briefing.generate	Today's schedule brief for Vesper
sands:evening-brief	0 20 * * *	sands.briefing.generate	Tomorrow's schedule brief for Vesper
sands:conflict-scan	0 7 * * *	sands.schedule.conflicts	Daily conflict scan for upcoming 7 days
sands:travel-check	0 7 * * *	sands.logistics.travel	Check next day's events for missing travel blocks
sands:update	0 0 * * *	sands.update	Self-update from GitHub source
sands:chronicle-sync	0 8 * * 0	sands.chronicle.sync	Weekly calendar → Chronicle fact sync (Sundays 8 AM)

All cron jobs use: --session isolated --light-context --tz America/Los_Angeles.

Registration during sands.init: Check the platform scheduling registry for existing tasks before registering each job. Tasks are declared in SKILL.md frontmatter metadata.{platform}.cron.

Self-Update

See references/self-update-sands.md.

Visibility

public

Gotchas

• ⚠️ write_file OVERWRITES — JSONL append requires read-then-rewrite or the helper script — The write_file tool replaces the entire file. NEVER call write_file on evidence.jsonl, decisions.jsonl, or events.jsonl with only the new record — you will destroy all prior history. Two safe approaches:

  1. Preferred: Use the scripts/append_jsonl.py helper: terminal("python3 <skill_dir>/scripts/append_jsonl.py <path> '<json_record>'"). It reads, appends, rewrites, and verifies line count atomically.
  2. Manual: (1) read_file the existing JSONL, (2) construct the full content (all existing lines + new line), (3) write_file with the complete content. Always verify line count increased by 1 after writing. If you accidentally overwrite, check session context for the original contents to restore from.
  • ⚠️ Unicode-safe append (emoji in titles) — Event titles routinely contain emoji (e.g. 🏺 Intro to Handbuilding). The helper takes the record as a shell-quoted positional arg, so passing JSON with emoji/nested quotes through the shell mangles the data. For any record that may contain non-ASCII or nested quotes, DON'T shell-quote into append_jsonl.py — instead write_file a small Python script that opens the JSONL, filters blanks, appends json.dumps(record)+'\n', rewrites, and asserts line count increased (then terminal("python3 <that_script>")). Building records as real Python dicts writes Unicode correctly via json.dump. See references/cron_persistence.md for the verified cron pattern and the full why.

• Work calendar is read-only — Sands can overlay work calendar busy blocks but must never write to work_calendar_id. Writing to a read-only calendar will fail silently or produce API errors.

• All-day events don't conflict with timed events — Per the hard boundary, all-day events are excluded from conflict detection with timed events unless the user explicitly asks. This can hide real scheduling issues if the user expects otherwise.

• Google Places API failure is surfaced, not silently handled — If the Google Places API is unavailable, Sands does NOT fall back to distance heuristics. It surfaces a warning and asks for a manual estimate.

• Undo window is 24 hours and non-recurring — Event undo is only available within 24 hours of the original action. Recurring event scope changes cannot be undone at all.

• OAuth tokens may stale between cron runs — Calendar queries can fail with auth errors if the OAuth token expires between scheduled runs. Always trigger re-authentication before retrying; do not suppress the error.

  • Compound failure: OAuth stale + MCP unreachable — When get_events fails with an OAuth error, the corrective action is start_google_auth. But if the MCP server is also unreachable, start_google_auth will fail too (same transport). In this scenario: (1) note degraded: google_workspace_mcp AND degraded: oauth_stale in evidence, (2) update config.json auth_status to STALE_OAUTH, (3) surface to the user that TWO things need fixing — the MCP server process must be running AND OAuth must be re-authorized. Do NOT retry auth in a loop when the MCP server is unreachable; it will just burn tool calls.

• Timezone offsets change with daylight saving — Pacific time is -08:00 (PST) in winter and -07:00 (PDT) in summer. When building RFC3339 time_min/time_max for queries, determine the correct offset for the TARGET date, not today's date. Using the wrong offset shifts the query window by one hour and can return no events or wrong-day events. The default_timezone in config.json (America/Los_Angeles) is a hint — always check whether the target date falls in PDT (Mar–Nov) or PST (Nov–Mar) and use the matching offset.

• Google Workspace MCP server may be transiently unreachable — If get_events or other MCP calls fail with "unreachable" errors, wait ~40 seconds (the auto-retry cooldown) and try once more before logging degraded. A single cooldown wait resolves most transient failures. Only log degraded: google_workspace_mcp after the retry also fails.

• Single event = no travel blocks needed — When only one event exists on a travel-check day, there are nothing to insert between. Still write evidence (with not_activity_reason: no_consecutive_events) and update config.json last_travel_check so gap detection stops flagging the stale timestamp. If the single event is all-day (no timed events at all), use not_activity_reason: no_timed_events — this distinguishes "nothing to check" from "one event, nothing between."

• Overlapping events = no travel blocks, but flag conflict — When consecutive timed events overlap (event B starts before event A ends), gap_minutes will be negative. Use not_activity_reason: events_overlap_no_gap in the evidence log. Also flag the overlap in the overlap_detected field so the evening brief and conflict scan can reference it. Do NOT create a travel block for overlapping events — they have no gap to fill.

• Google Places API key empty = travel check is observational — When google_places_api_key is empty in config.json, travel blocks can never be auto-created. The travel-check command runs but will only report consecutive event pairs it cannot service. If the key is empty, note this in the evidence log's degraded field.

• MCP Google Workspace tools may fail with auth errors even when the server is running — The mcp_google_workspace_get_events and related MCP tools can return OAuth errors (401/403, invalid_grant) even when the MCP server process is reachable. When ANY MCP calendar call fails with an auth error, switch to the direct Python fallback: from google_auth import get_calendar_service from <hermes-home>/scripts/google_auth.py and call the Calendar API v3 directly. The direct fallback uses the same credential store (<gworkspace-creds>/credentials/) and often succeeds when MCP fails because it bypasses the MCP server's token management layer. See references/direct_calendar_access.md for the working pattern.

• Reference files may be empty — references/briefing_windows.md, references/vesper_emit_format.md, and references/preparation_signals.md are currently 0 bytes. Do not block on reading them; proceed with the defaults documented in this SKILL.md (morning brief = today's events, evening brief = tomorrow's events, both in America/Los_Angeles).

• Calendar IDs can 404 — If a configured primary_calendar_id returns 404 (not found), log it in degraded and continue with the remaining calendars. Surface the broken calendar ID to the user so they can update config.json. Do not let one broken calendar block the entire query.

• execute_code is blocked in cron mode — Cron jobs run without a user present to approve execute_code, so it will be rejected. When Sands needs to run Python analysis scripts (conflict detection, travel analysis, etc.) from a cron job, use the write_file + terminal pattern instead: (1) write_file the script to a temp path like /tmp/sands_analysis.py, (2) terminal("python3 /tmp/sands_analysis.py") to run it, (3) read results from stdout or a temp JSON output file. See references/direct_calendar_access.md for the full cron-compatible pattern. For conflict scans, you can copy and adapt the reusable template at scripts/conflict_scan_template.py.

• Cross-calendar duplicates are conflicts — When the same event appears on multiple calendars (detected by matching summary + start time + location), flag it as a DUPLICATE conflict. Timezone offset differences between calendars can make the same event appear at different UTC times — normalize to local time before comparing. Recommend removing the duplicate from the non-canonical calendar.

• Events crossing midnight UTC may belong to the previous local day — When querying with UTC-based time windows, an event starting at 2026-06-07T01:00:00Z is actually 2026-06-06T18:00:00-07:00 (6 PM PDT on June 6). Always convert event start times to local timezone (America/Los_Angeles) before assigning to a date. The singleEvents=True parameter in the Calendar API expands recurring events but does not normalize timezones — the response preserves the event's original timezone, which may differ from the query window timezone.

• MCP tools require user_google_email on every call — Every mcp_google_workspace_* tool requires a user_google_email parameter (the authenticated user's Google email). Omitting it produces a Pydantic validation error that doesn't clearly say "missing parameter." Always include user_google_email — use the agent's own email (e.g., <agent-email>) unless the user specifies otherwise. This applies to ALL MCP Google Workspace tools, not just get_events.

• Zero-duration events are warnings, not conflicts — Events where start == end do not overlap with anything and should not be flagged as conflicts. Instead, flag them as zero_duration warnings in the report. These are almost always data quality issues (end time not set correctly). Critical code-level trap: span_minutes()'s midnight-crossing guard (if e <= s: e += 1440) expands a 12:45 -> 12:45 event into a 24-hour span, which fabricates overlaps with every later event AND pollutes free-hours math. Therefore BOTH conflict detection and free-hours computation MUST exclude zero-duration events BEFORE calling span_minutes (compute zero_duration = is_timed and start == end at parse time, then compare only non-zero-duration events and skip them in calc_free_hours). This bug was live in templates/sands_briefing_morning.py until 2026-07-23 and produced a false 120-min "Appointment overlaps Gym" conflict. See references/zero_duration_briefing.md and references/conflict_detection.md.

• ⚠️ Midnight-crossing events break naive conflict & free-hour math — An event ending at 00:00 (e.g. 19:30→00:00) parsed by naive HH:MM→minutes yields a negative overlap (0 - 1170) that hides a real conflict. Always treat end_min <= start_min as crossing midnight (add 1440 to end) before computing overlaps or busy spans. Found and fixed 2026-07-22 in templates/sands_briefing_morning.py (conflict loop + calc_free_hours); the fix uses span_minutes(start, end). scripts/conflict_scan_template.py uses UTC-aware overlap detection so it is NOT affected — but any new HH:MM-minute-based overlap code must apply the same guard.

• 400 Bad Request from oauth2.googleapis.com = dead credentials — Besides invalid_grant, expired/revoked refresh tokens can return HTTP 400 from the token endpoint. Surfaces as "400 Client Error: Bad Request for url: https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token" from get_service(). Treat identically to invalid_grant: log, move to next account. Do NOT interpret 400 as a bug in your code.

• ⚠️ Interactive command access — Sands commands like sands.logistics.travel are not direct shell commands. They are accessed through the skill's interactive menu. Invoke the skill with / command (or your interface's equivalent) to see the two-level menu, then navigate to the desired command (e.g., Travel Check → Check next day events for missing travel blocks). Direct shell invocation of sands commands will not work and will produce "command not found" errors.

• config.json auth_status can be stale after fallback — When the primary account's token is dead but the fallback account succeeds, auth_status may still say MCP_ONLY or STALE_OAUTH. After a successful direct-Python fallback, update auth_status to OK so the next run doesn't pre-emptively assume degradation. The field reflects the system's ability to reach the calendar, not any single account's token state.

• Journal directory may not exist on first cron run — The ## Initialization step 4 says to create {agent_root}/commons/journals/ocas-sands/, but journal writes have been observed to land at {data_dir}/journals/ (i.e., the same parent as config.json). Before calling append_jsonl.py for journals, ensure the directory exists: mkdir -p "$DATA_DIR/journals". If the append fails with FileNotFoundError on the parent, create it and retry. The script itself only handles file-level existence, not directory creation.

• Evening-brief template now exists — templates/sands_briefing_evening.py mirrors the morning template but targets TOMORROW, omits prep-signal checks, emits proposal_type: routine_prediction, and excludes zero-duration events from conflict/free-hours math. The morning template previously had the zero-duration false-conflict bug (see below); the evening template was written correct from the start and the morning template was patched to match. When generating evening briefs, run the template (pure generator) then persist: query all primary calendars with PDT-correct offsets, sort by start time, check overlaps/duplicates within the target date, build the Vesper InsightProposal payload (brief_type: evening, proposal_type: routine_prediction), render the report, write evidence with command: sands.briefing.generate, write to action journal (briefing.generate is an Action Journal command), update config.json last_evening_brief. Persistence recipe in references/zero_duration_briefing.md.

Cron Script Templates

• templates/sands_briefing_morning.py — Reusable cron-compatible morning briefing script with multi-account fallback, dedup, conflict detection (zero-duration-safe), and prep-signal checking.
• templates/sands_briefing_evening.py — Evening counterpart: queries TOMORROW's events, omits prep-signal checks, emits proposal_type: routine_prediction, and excludes zero-duration events from conflict/free-hours math. Pure generator; the calling run persists evidence/action/config (see references/zero_duration_briefing.md).

Support File Map

File	When to read
references/briefing_windows.md	Before sands.briefing.generate
references/calendar_config.md	Before configuring calendars or timezone handling
references/credential-files.md	Before first OAuth setup or when handling token staleness
references/timezone_handling.md	Before constructing time_min/time_max for get_events
references/google_calendar_api_quirks.md	Before manage_event calls
references/duration_defaults.md	Before sands.event.create
references/flexibility_rules.md	Before sands.schedule.conflicts
references/conflict_detection.md	Before conflict analysis
references/conflict-report-format.md	Before generating conflict scan report output
references/recurring_events.md	Before creating/modifying/deleting recurring events
references/preparation_signals.md	Before sands.briefing.generate
references/travel_time_logic.md	Before sands.logistics.travel
references/vesper_emit_format.md	Before sands.briefing.generate; formatting payload for Vesper
references/self-update-sands.md	Before running sands.update
references/direct_calendar_access.md	When MCP Google Workspace tools are unavailable; direct Python fallback pattern
scripts/conflict_scan_template.py	Reusable cron-compatible conflict scan script with multi-account OAuth fallback
references/chronicle_sync.md	Before sands.chronicle.sync; event classification rules, value format, ingest script path, cron auth pattern, classification pitfalls
references/gotchas.md	Common pitfalls, OAuth quirks, MCP tool limitations, cron-mode constraints, and UCSF MyChart double-import pattern
references/cron_persistence.md	Unicode-safe JSONL persistence in cron mode (emoji in titles) + why config.json primary_calendar_ids drifts from the briefing template's hardcoded calendar list
templates/sands_briefing_morning.py	Reusable cron-compatible morning briefing script — multi-account fallback, dedup, conflict detection, prep signals
references/mcp_fallback_briefing.md	When encountering dependency errors with the morning briefing script