Article to Podcast

Use when the user wants to turn an article/blog/text into a published podcast episode: triggers like "生成播客""做一期播客""博客转播客""文章转播客""发布/更新播客""blog to podcast", or when they hand over a URL / text / a batch of source material to be turned into an audio show. ALSO use for maintaining published episodes: "只改 shownotes" "更新单集描述""换封面""修 RSS feed""小宇宙没更新" (update_metadata / --init paths). SKIP: plain read-this-text-aloud TTS requests - call TTS directly, this pipeline is overkill.

Wu Haohua@haohuawu

Install

openclaw skills install @haohuawu/podcast

Article to Podcast: Generate & Publish

The big picture

One episode = one slug (YYYYMMDD_lowercase_english_title, e.g. 20260715_my_episode). You generate it (translate Chinese titles into short English first). It is the episode's stable primary key: local directory, TOS directory, RSS guid and all file keys derive from it. Immutable once published — republishing under a new slug makes Xiaoyuzhou show a duplicate episode; to fix content, rerun the same slug (guid unchanged, episode number kept).

text

Skill layout                          Data flow
podcast/
  SKILL.md                            source article
  scripts/        # see Scripts         │  (1-3) you write script.md + notes.md [+ images/]
  references/     # specs & recipes     ▼
    script-spec.md  notes-spec.md     $TMPDIR/podcasts/{slug}/       # artifacts + resume state
    images-guide.md                     script.md  notes.md  podcast.mp3
    source-fetching-guide.md            clips_cache/{md5}.wav  manifest.json
  assets/                               │  (5) generate_podcast.py   (PODCAST_WORKDIR overrides)
    config.schema.json                  ▼
    mic_tap.b64.txt  # narration entry cue (CC0 sample, decoded to WAV at runtime)
  tests/          # pytest suite
                                        │
                                        ▼
                                      TOS {bucket}/podcasts/         # single source of truth
                                        config.json  episodes.json  feed.xml
                                        cover_YYYYMMDD.png
                                        episodes/{slug}/podcast_{hash}.mp3, script.md,
                                                        notes.md, article.md, images/

Two state layers, two lifetimes:

TOS podcasts/ — the single source of truth, stateless across environments. episodes.json is pulled → updated → pushed on every publish; never hand-edit it, never rebuild the feed with inline Python — update_metadata.py is the tool for that. Write order is codified in podcast_store.publish_state: episodes.json before feed.xml. Every push is a full rewrite, so publish_state guards it: episodes other than the target slug must be byte-identical to the live state, and the rendered feed is re-parsed and checked item-by-item against episodes.json before anything touches TOS (the old episodes.json is backed up to podcasts/backups/ first). A blocked push prints the affected slugs; intentional bulk migrations pass --force-state.
$TMPDIR/podcasts/{slug}/ (Python tempfile.gettempdir() — /tmp/podcasts on Linux, per-user T/podcasts on macOS; PODCAST_WORKDIR overrides it — host-agnostic) — build artifacts AND resume state in one directory. The publish script uploads script.md/notes.md/article.md/images/ from the directory containing the --script file — keep them next to script.md or they are silently not archived. Every synthesized chunk is cached as md5(voice|rate|context|text).wav the moment it succeeds; manifest.json records script/audio md5. A rerun after ANY mid-pipeline failure (bad segment, network, upload) re-bills only failed/changed chunks; unchanged script + intact mp3 skips TTS entirely (--no-upload preview → publish rerun costs zero). --force overrides everything.

Workflow

text

0. First-time init (once per channel)     [you + user + script]
   Collect real values per assets/config.schema.json — confirm EVERY value with the
   user, never invent — write a JSON instance. The channel cover is private
   material, NOT shipped with the skill: pass your own 1400-3000px square PNG:
   python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --init --config /tmp/channel-config.json --cover /path/to/cover.png

1. Fetch source                            [you]
   web_fetch the URL / use provided text. JS-rendered pages & X articles: see
   references/source-fetching-guide.md.

2. Write script.md                         [you]  (spec: references/script-spec.md)
   - [ ] Two-host deep-dive, NOT an interview (EP1: interview-style draft was fully rewritten)
   - [ ] Audit section-by-section against the source: every concept/case/number lands
         somewhere; never "simplify" on the user's behalf — the dry-run char count is a
         price quote, not a trimming target (real lesson: a survey post lost half its content)
   - [ ] Multiple sources: write article.md integrating them, get user review, THEN
         write the script from it (EP6)
   - [ ] Externally generated scripts: strip non-dialogue content first (EP12; the
         validator also rejects URLs in dialogue)

3. Write notes.md (REQUIRED) + images      [you]  (spec: references/notes-spec.md)
   - [ ] Check the source article for images (JS-rendered pages hide <img> from curl —
         use the browser flow, see references/images-guide.md); download into images/ NEXT TO
         script.md — the publish script only uploads from there
   - [ ] Image URLs in notes.md must match TOS filenames exactly:
         episodes/{slug}/images/{filename} (EP14: local numbering prefixes → five 404s)
   - [ ] Timeline draft: python3 scripts/generate_timeline.py --script script.md --estimate

4. Confirm with the user (billing gate)    [user]
   python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --script script.md --slug {slug} --dry-run
   Show the outline + net billable chars (cache-aware). TTS bills per character;
   rework is cheapest at this gate. Format check runs automatically at step 5; for
   early feedback: scripts/validate_podcast.py --script script.md --notes notes.md

5. Synthesize + publish (one command)      [script]
   python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --script script.md --slug {slug} --notes notes.md
   Preflight validates everything (env, TOS, config, script/notes format) BEFORE the
   first paid TTS call. Auto-uploads podcast_{hash}.mp3, script.md, notes.md,
   article.md (if any), images/ to episodes/{slug}/.

6. Post-publish: calibrate the timeline    [you + script]
   python3 scripts/generate_timeline.py --script script.md --mp3 podcast.mp3 --calibrate
   Paste real timestamps into notes.md, then:
   python3 scripts/update_metadata.py --slug {slug} --notes notes.md

Usage

bash

# 0) First time only (--cover: your channel's square PNG, private, not shipped)
python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --init --config /tmp/channel-config.json --cover /path/to/cover.png

# 1) Estimate billable characters (free; cache-aware net billing)
python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --script script.md --slug 20260715_my_episode --dry-run

# 2) Synthesize and publish (--notes REQUIRED unless you pass --no-notes explicitly)
python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --script script.md --slug 20260715_my_episode --notes notes.md

# 3) Synthesize without publishing (preview); rerun same slug to publish (no re-billing)
python3 scripts/generate_podcast.py --script script.md --slug 20260715_my_episode --no-upload

# 4) Metadata-only update (notes/description) — never re-runs TTS
python3 scripts/update_metadata.py --slug 20260715_my_episode --notes notes.md

All flags: --host-voice / --guest-voice (voice ids, else DOUBAO_TTS_*_VOICE env, else defaults), --no-postprocess (skip the audio filter chain), --force (ignore caches, full resynthesis), --skip-validate (bypass format check — only for confirmed false positives), --no-notes (explicitly publish without shownotes).

Recovery

A segment failed / network died / upload broke → fix the cause, rerun the SAME command. Preflight re-checks, cached chunks replay for free, only failed/changed chunks are re-billed; if the script is unchanged and mp3 intact, TTS is skipped entirely. The failing text is printed in the log; common causes: very long unpunctuated strings, flagged words.
Preflight refused to run → it lists ALL problems at once (env vars, missing --init, bad format, missing notes); fix and rerun. Nothing has been billed at that point.
Want a clean slate → --force, or delete $TMPDIR/podcasts/{slug}/ (PODCAST_WORKDIR overrides the base path).
Published episode needs a content fix → rerun the same slug with the fixed script (audio re-synthesized only for changed chunks, feed guid stays, no duplicate episode). Only notes/description changed → update_metadata.py, zero TTS.

Scripts

Always use these scripts instead of writing inline Python — they handle config, cover_url, episodes.json state and feed regeneration correctly.

CLI entry points:

Script	Purpose
`generate_podcast.py`	Full pipeline: preflight → parse → TTS (cached, resumable) → post-process → upload → episodes.json + feed. Modes: `--init`, `--dry-run`, `--no-upload`, `--force`.
`update_metadata.py`	Notes/description update without TTS: upload notes.md → episodes.json description → rebuild feed. Also the correct tool for any manual feed rebuild.
`generate_timeline.py`	Timeline: `--estimate` from char counts (260 chars/min), `--calibrate` against the real MP3 via ffprobe.
`validate_podcast.py`	script.md / notes.md format compliance. Runs automatically inside publish preflight; standalone run for early feedback.

Library modules (import-only, no CLI): script_md.py (the ONLY script.md parser — parsing semantics live here), script_synthesis.py (Doubao TTS client + ffmpeg pipeline; audio post-processing chain documented in its header), podcast_store.py (TOS state layer, key constants, write-order invariant), rss_feed.py (RSS 2.0, stdlib-only), tos_uploader.py (TOS client). Tests: tests/ (pytest; run with uv run --with pytest --with requests --with markdown python -m pytest tests -q).

Configuration

Channel config fields: assets/config.schema.json (authoritative; --init validates and exits with itemized errors). cover_url is an OUTPUT of --init (it uploads the PNG passed via --cover as dated cover_YYYYMMDD.png), not something to collect. To change channel info or cover, rerun --init.

Env var	Required for	Notes
`DOUBAO_TTS_API_KEY`	synthesis	Doubao speech console
`TOS_ACCESS_KEY` / `TOS_SECRET_KEY`	init/publish	Volcano Engine AK/SK
`TOS_BUCKET` / `TOS_REGION`	init/publish	e.g. cn-shanghai
`DOUBAO_TTS_HOST_VOICE` / `DOUBAO_TTS_GUEST_VOICE`	optional	defaults: liufei (male) / tianmeiyueyue (female)
`PODCAST_WORKDIR`	optional	local base dir for build artifacts + resume state (one directory per episode), default `$TMPDIR/podcasts` (Python `tempfile.gettempdir()` — `/tmp/podcasts` on Linux, per-user `T/podcasts` on macOS)

Dependencies: system ffmpeg/ffprobe; Python requests + tos + markdown. If the environment lacks them, run uv run scripts/generate_podcast.py ... (PEP 723 inline metadata).

Format specs

script.md: references/script-spec.md — segments ## 第 N 段 · 子标题, roles **主持人**/**嘉宾**/**旁白**, title {English} -- {中文副标题}, the closing H2 line IS synthesized into audio.
notes.md: references/notes-spec.md — opening hook line, 内容速览 / 时间轴 / 原文链接 sections.

Both are enforced by validate_podcast.py (inline in publish preflight).

Gotchas

Rules the scripts CANNOT enforce — apply them at the step where they occur (checklists above); this list is the rationale archive.

Content:

Two-host deep-dive, not an interview; open with "欢迎收听本期节目" (EP1: an interview-style script shipped mismatched against the published mp3)
Content fidelity first: audit section-by-section against the source; length follows content (lesson: a survey post once lost nearly half its content to "simplification")
Multi-source episodes: article.md summary → user review → script (EP6: writing straight from 4 articles gave uneven coverage)
Keep Chinese punctuation in Chinese scripts — the TTS models prosody on it; converting to ASCII punctuation degrades intonation

Publishing:

Cover updates MUST use a new filename: platforms cache the cover URL; overwriting the same key does nothing. --init handles this with cover_YYYYMMDD.png (2026-07-15 lesson: overwrote cover.png, platforms never refreshed)
Metadata-only change → update_metadata.py, not a publish rerun (a rerun no longer re-bills TTS thanks to the manifest, but update_metadata is faster and more direct)
Archive uploads come from the --script file's parent directory: keep notes.md / article.md / images/ next to script.md
The slug is immutable once published; fix content by rerunning the same slug

TTS & audio:

Any segment that still fails after retries aborts the whole run (never publish with silent holes). Fix the script and rerun the same command — cached chunks are free, only the failed chunk is re-billed
A lost script.md cannot be recovered from audio (no ASR access); make sure script.md is on disk before synthesis, and never rm -rf its path

Xiaoyuzhou integration

First time: submit the feed URL (printed by --init and every publish) in the Xiaoyuzhou podcaster console; claim verification code goes to the config email
After that: every publish updates the feed and Xiaoyuzhou picks up new episodes automatically