MegaSquirt Tuner

Megasquirt ECU tuning and calibration via TunerStudio, covering VE table, ignition timing, AFR targets, sensor calibration, accel enrichment, boost, launch c...

Megasquirt ECU Tuning with TunerStudio

Guidance for tuning Megasquirt engine management systems using TunerStudio software.

Core Concepts

Required Fuel Equation

Megasquirt calculates fuel delivery using:

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Pulse Width = Required Fuel × VE% × MAP × AFR Target Correction × Air Density × Warmup × Accel Enrichment × Other Corrections

Required Fuel is the base injector pulse width at 100% VE, 100kPa MAP, standard temperature.

Key Tuning Tables

Table	Purpose	Typical Resolution
VE Table	Volumetric efficiency vs RPM/MAP	16×16 or 12×12
AFR Target	Desired air-fuel ratio vs RPM/MAP	12×12
Spark Advance	Ignition timing vs RPM/MAP	12×12 or 16×16
Warmup Enrichment	Fuel correction vs coolant temp	10-20 points
TPS-based Accel	Accel enrichment vs TPSdot	10-20 points
MAP-based Accel	Accel enrichment vs MAPdot	10-20 points

Tuning Workflow

1. Base Configuration

Before tuning, verify:

• Engine displacement and cylinder count
• Injector flow rate (cc/min or lb/hr)
• Injector staging (simultaneous, alternating, sequential)
• Required Fuel calculation matches injector size
• Ignition input/output settings match hardware
• Trigger wheel and ignition mode configured

2. Sensor Calibration

Calibrate sensors before tuning:

• CLT (Coolant Temp): Set resistance values at known temps
• IAT (Intake Air Temp): Similar to CLT
• TPS: Set closed and WOT positions (0-100%)
• MAP: Verify atmospheric reading at key-on
• O2 Sensor: Calibrate wideband controller output range

3. VE Table Tuning (Speed Density)

Method 1: Wideband O2 Feedback

1. Enable EGO correction with moderate authority (±15-20%)
2. Set realistic AFR targets
3. Run engine at steady state (fixed RPM/load cell)
4. Allow EGO to correct, note correction percentage
5. Adjust VE by inverse of correction (if +10% correction, increase VE by 10%)
6. Save and move to next cell

Method 2: Calculate from Measured AFR

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New VE = Current VE × (Measured AFR / Target AFR)

Tuning Order:

1. Start with idle region (600-1000 RPM, 30-50kPa)
2. Light cruise (1500-2500 RPM, 40-60kPa)
3. Part throttle acceleration
4. WOT high load
5. Transition regions

4. AFR Target Table

Set targets based on application:

Condition	Target AFR	Lambda
Idle	13.5-14.5	0.92-0.99
Light Cruise	14.5-15.5	0.99-1.06
Part Throttle	13.5-14.5	0.92-0.99
WOT Naturally Aspirated	12.5-13.0	0.85-0.88
WOT Turbo/Supercharged	11.5-12.5	0.78-0.85

5. Ignition Timing

Base Settings:

• Set cranking advance (typically 10-20° BTDC)
• Set idle advance (typically 15-25° BTDC)
• Build spark table following engine-specific guidelines

Typical Spark Advance Table (Naturally Aspirated):

• Low RPM/High Load: 10-20°
• Low RPM/Low Load: 25-35°
• High RPM/High Load: 25-35°
• High RPM/Low Load: 35-45°

Knock Considerations:

• Reduce timing 1-2° at a time if knock detected
• Add more fuel in knock-prone areas
• Use knock sensor feedback if available

6. Idle Control

Idle Valve PWM Settings:

• Closed position: PWM at hot idle (typically 20-40%)
• Open position: PWM for cold start (typically 60-80%)
• Cranking position: PWM during start (typically 50-70%)

Idle Target RPM Table:

• Hot: 700-900 RPM
• Cold (0°C): 1200-1500 RPM
• Interpolate between

7. Warmup Enrichment

Afterstart Enrichment:

• Duration: 30-200 cycles (engine revolutions)
• Amount: 20-40% additional fuel
• Taper to zero over duration

Warmup Enrichment Curve:

• -40°C: 150-200%
• 0°C: 120-140%
• 70°C (operating): 100%

8. Acceleration Enrichment

TPS-based (Alpha-N blending):

• Threshold: 5-10%/sec TPSdot
• Enrichment: 10-30% added fuel
• Decay: 0.5-2 seconds

MAP-based (for MAP-dot systems):

• Threshold: 10-30 kPa/sec
• Enrichment scales with rate of change

Cold Multiplier:

• Increase accel enrichment when cold (1.5-3× at -20°C)

Advanced Features

Boost Control

Open Loop:

• Duty cycle table vs RPM/target boost

Closed Loop (if supported):

• PID parameters for wastegate control
• Target boost table vs RPM/gear

Launch Control

• Set RPM limit (typically 4000-6000 RPM)
• Configure retard timing during launch (0-10° BTDC)
• Set fuel/ignition cut method

Flat Shift

• Maintain throttle during shifts
• Brief fuel/ignition cut at shift point
• Retain boost between gears

Datalog Analysis

Key Parameters to Log

Parameter	What to Watch
RPM	Stability, limiter hits
MAP	Response to throttle, leaks
AFR (wideband)	Deviation from target
EGO Correction	Should stay within ±10%
CLT	Reaches operating temp
IAT	Heat soak effects
Spark Advance	Matches table
Injector PW	Headroom, max duty cycle
TPS	Smooth operation, TPSdot

Common Issues

Lean at Tip-In:

• Increase TPS-based accel enrichment
• Check MAPdot sensitivity

Rich at Decel:

• Enable deceleration fuel cut (DFCO)
• Set appropriate TPS threshold (typically <10%)
• Set RPM threshold above idle

Idle Hunting:

• Check for vacuum leaks
• Adjust idle PID gains
• Verify TPS closed position
• Check ignition timing stability

Knock at High Load:

• Reduce spark advance in affected cells
• Enrich mixture (reduce target AFR)

TunerStudio Specific

Project Setup

1. Create new project → select firmware (MS1, MS2, MS3)
2. Load base tune (.msq file) or start from default
3. Connect to controller (serial, USB, or Bluetooth)
4. Sync with controller to load current settings

Tuning Interface

• Basic/Customize Tuning: Navigate tables
• Table: View/edit individual tables
• Runtime Data: Real-time monitoring
• Datalog: Record and playback logs

Auto-Tune

• Enable VEAL (VE Analyze Live) with wideband
• Set acceptable AFR range
• Drive through as many cells as possible
• Review and accept changes
• Disable when done

Safety Limits

Rev Limiter:

• Soft limit: retard timing
• Hard limit: fuel/ignition cut
• Set 200-500 RPM above max desired

Overboost Protection:

• Fuel cut above target pressure
• Ignition cut option

Lean Cut:

• Disable injectors if AFR exceeds safe threshold
• Typically 15:1+ under load

MSQ Tune File Analysis

The skill can analyze .msq tune files to identify safety issues, optimization opportunities, and configuration problems.

Using the Analyzer

Run the analysis script on any MSQ file:

bash

python3 scripts/analyze_msq.py your_tune.msq

Or provide the tune file content directly for analysis.

How to Provide the MSQ File

Option 1: Paste the file content (Recommended)

• Open the .msq file in a text editor (it's plain text)
• Copy the entire content
• Paste it directly into the chat: "Analyze this MSQ file: [paste content]"

Option 2: Upload the file

• If your chat interface supports file attachments, attach the .msq file directly
• The skill will read and analyze it

Option 3: Provide a file path (if running locally)

bash

python3 scripts/analyze_msq.py /path/to/your/tune.msq

Security Restrictions for Script Usage:

• Only files with .msq extension are accepted
• Path traversal sequences (../) are blocked
• Symbolic links are not allowed
• File must be a regular text file (not binary)

Option 4: Share key sections If the file is large, paste specific sections you're concerned about:

• [veTable1] section for fuel map review
• [sparkTable1] for ignition timing
• [afrTable1] for AFR targets
• [revLimiter] for safety limits

Example Prompts

text

"Review this MSQ file for safety issues before I start my engine: [paste content]"

"Check my VE table - does anything look suspicious? [paste veTable section]"

"Analyze my ignition timing map for knock risk: [paste sparkTable section]"

"I just updated my AFR targets, review them: [paste afrTable section]"

What Gets Analyzed

Safety Checks:

• 🚨 Critical: AFR targets that could cause engine damage, excessive ignition timing
• ⚠️ Warnings: Rev limiter not configured, suspicious VE values, high injector duty

Configuration Review:

• Required fuel calculation sanity check
• VE table range and smoothness
• AFR target appropriateness for NA vs forced induction
• Ignition timing ranges and knock risk assessment
• Cranking pulse widths
• Warmup enrichment curve
• Safety limits (rev limiter, overboost)

Optimization Opportunities:

• Injector duty cycle headroom
• VE table smoothness (sudden jumps)
• Conservative vs aggressive timing maps

Interpreting Results

Example Analysis Output:

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📋 VE Table
----------------------------------------
  ⚠️ VE table has very low values (15.0) - check for empty/untuned cells
  📊 12 cells have >30% jumps from neighbors - consider smoothing
  ✓ VE table range: 15.0 - 105.0 (avg: 62.3)

📋 Ignition Timing
----------------------------------------
  ⚠️ High ignition advance (48°) - verify on dyno with knock detection
  ✓ Spark advance range: 8° - 48° BTDC

SUMMARY
============================================================
🚨 CRITICAL ISSUES: 0
⚠️  WARNINGS: 2
✓ Suggestions: 4
ℹ️  Notes: 1

Common Issues Detected

High Priority:

• No rev limiter configured
• Lean AFR targets under load (>14.0:1 at WOT)
• Ignition timing >45° (severe knock risk)
• Estimated injector duty >90%

Medium Priority:

• VE values <20 or >120
• Large jumps between adjacent cells (>30%)
• Missing warmup enrichment taper
• Cranking PW too high/low for conditions

Low Priority:

• Conservative timing that may leave power on table
• Overly rich AFR targets
• Excessive injector headroom

Tune Review Workflow

1. Before First Start:

   text

   You: "Review this base tune before I start the engine"
   AI: [Runs analysis, flags safety issues]
   

2. After Changes:

   text

   You: "I just updated my VE table, check it"
   AI: [Analyzes for anomalies, suggests smoothing]
   

3. Before Dyno/Track:

   text

   You: "Review my tune before high load testing"
   AI: [Checks timing, AFR, safety limits, injector headroom]
   

Reference Materials

For detailed documentation, see:

• references/tunerstudio-reference.md - Full TunerStudio documentation
• references/megasquirt-tuning-guide.md - Comprehensive tuning procedures

Quick Reference Formulas

Injector Duty Cycle:

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DC% = (Injector PW / Injection Period) × 100

Keep under 85% for safety margin.

Required Fuel Calculation:

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Required Fuel (ms) = (Engine CC × 5) / (Number of Injectors × Injector CC/Min) × 2

(The ×2 accounts for 2 rotations per cycle)

Airflow Estimation:

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MAF (g/s) ≈ (RPM × Displacement × VE% × MAP/100) / (2 × 60 × R × Temp)

Safety Checklist

Before starting engine:

• Injector flow rate correct in settings
• Ignition timing verified with timing light
• Fuel pump primes and holds pressure
• No fuel leaks
• Wideband O2 sensor warmed up
• Emergency fuel/ignition cut accessible

During tuning:

• Monitor EGT if available
• Listen for detonation/knock
• Watch AFR on transitions
• Keep VE table changes conservative
• Save tune frequently with version notes