机械设计规范查询助手

v1.2.0

机械设计规范查询助手 | 查询机械设计常用标准、公差配合、表面粗糙度、材料选用规范,附电机应用场景,含完整速查表和公式

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Install the skill "机械设计规范查询助手" (yongjie666888/mech-design-query) from ClawHub.
Skill page: https://clawhub.ai/yongjie666888/mech-design-query
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Purpose & Capability
Name/description (机械设计规范查询) match the SKILL.md content: lookup tables, standards, tolerances, roughness, bearings, keys, materials and formulas. The skill requests no external credentials or binaries, which is appropriate for an offline reference skill.
Instruction Scope
SKILL.md is static reference material and does not instruct the agent to read unrelated files, call external endpoints, or exfiltrate data. There are no broad or vague runtime directives that would grant the agent extra discretion.
Install Mechanism
No install spec and no code files — the skill is instruction-only, so nothing is written to disk or downloaded during installation.
Credentials
The skill declares no required environment variables, credentials, or config paths. That is proportionate for a read-only standards/lookup assistant.
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always:false (default) and autonomous invocation enabled (normal). The skill does not request persistent system-level privileges or modify other skill configs.
Assessment
This skill appears to be a coherent, offline mechanical-design quick-reference. Before installing, consider: 1) Accuracy — verify critical dimensions, formulas, and recommended fits against the official GB standards or your company design rules before using them in production; this skill is a convenience reference, not a certified standard. 2) Versioning — SKILL.md references GB/T and other standards but doesn't cite edition dates; confirm the standard revision matches your needs. 3) Liability/safety — mechanical design decisions can affect safety; always run calculations through your engineering checks and peer review. 4) Source trust — author field is '永杰团队' in metadata and source/homepage are unknown; if you require provenance, ask the publisher for citations or links to standards. 5) Model behavior — although the skill is read-only, the agent can still generate or transform values; validate computed numbers and units. If those points are acceptable, the skill's footprint and behavior look appropriate.

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v1.2.0
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机械设计规范查询助手 v1.2

快速查询机械设计中的标准规范、公差配合、表面粗糙度、材料选用、轴承选用、键连接等设计参数。针对电机/机械行业,含完整速查表和计算公式。

v1.2 新增

  • 轴承选用完整速查表
  • 键/花键标准速查
  • 螺纹紧固件扭矩表
  • 电机结构常用尺寸速查

一、公差配合速查(GB/T 1800/1801)

常用公差等级选用原则

公差等级IT5IT6IT7IT8IT9IT10
选用场景精密机床主轴重要齿轮孔/轴一般齿轮孔/轴非配合尺寸辅助尺寸粗加工
电机应用轴承档轴承室端盖止口止口深度穿孔非配合面

轴公差带速查表(常用)

基本偏差符号应用场景配合性质
h5h精密定位间隙极小
h6h精密配合间隙小
g6g滑动配合有间隙
f7f转动配合有间隙润滑好
k6k过渡配合可能过盈
m6m过渡/过盈较紧过渡
n6n过盈配合过盈连接
p6p过盈配合压入配合

电机典型配合速查

配合部位推荐配合公差等级说明
轴承档(轴)k5 / k6IT5~IT6轴承与轴,过盈配合
轴承室(孔)H6 / H7IT6~IT7轴承室与轴承外圈
轴承盖止口f7IT7间隙配合,便于拆装
端盖止口(孔)H7 / H8IT7~IT8定位用
机座止口(轴)h6IT6精密定位
键槽宽(轴/毂)D10 / JS9 / P9IT9按键规格查表
密封档(轴)f7 / g6IT6~IT7油封配合

形位公差速查

形位公差项目符号电机典型应用推荐等级
圆度轴承档、轴伸0.005~0.015mm
圆柱度轴承室0.01~0.03mm
圆跳动轴承档(径向)0.01~0.03mm
全跳动端面跳动0.02~0.05mm
垂直度端面对轴线0.02~0.05mm
平行度定子铁芯端面0.05~0.1mm
同轴度转子轴0.01~0.03mm

二、表面粗糙度速查(GB/T 1031 / ISO 25178)

粗糙度等级与Ra值对照

Ra (μm)Rz (μm)应用场景电机应用
0.0120.05镜面、精密测量面
0.0250.1光学镜片
0.050.2气浮轴承面
0.10.4液压缸、精密导轨
0.20.8轴承档(配合面)轴承档
0.41.6密封档油封档、光轴
0.83.2一般传动轴档轴伸、法兰面
1.66.3止口、端盖止口、端盖
3.212.5一般加工面非配合面、铸造面留量
6.325粗加工面粗加工基准
12.550铸锻件毛坯面铸造毛坯
25100毛坯面热轧表面

电机典型粗糙度要求

部位Ra (μm)备注
轴承档0.2~0.4磨削或精车
轴承室0.8~1.6精车或镗削
油封档0.4~0.8光轴精车
止口1.6~3.2精车
法兰端面1.6~3.2精车
键槽侧面1.6~3.2插键槽或刨
铸件内腔6.3~12.5铸造表面
轴伸台阶面1.6~3.2精车

三、键连接速查(GB/T 1095/1096)

平键截面尺寸(摘自GB/T 1095)

轴径 d键宽 b键高 h键槽深 t槽深 t1
>10~12442.51.5
>12~175532
>17~22663.52.5
>22~308743
>30~3810853
>38~4412853
>44~501495.53.5
>50~58161064
>58~65181174.5
>65~7520127.54.5
>75~85221495.5

键槽公差

项目轴槽宽毂槽宽
公差带H9D10
极限偏差(b=10)+0.036/0+0.098/+0.040
极限偏差(b=14)+0.043/0+0.120/+0.050
极限偏差(b=18)+0.043/0+0.120/+0.050

普通平键选用速查

选用原则:键宽b ≈ d/4,键高h ≈ 0.7d
强度校核:σ = 2T / (b·h·l) ≤ [σ]
T — 传递扭矩(N·mm)
l — 键工作长度(mm),A型l=L-b,B型l=L
[σ] — 许用挤压应力( MPa):
  静连接(钢):[σ]=120~150
  静连接(铸铁):[σ]=70~80
  动连接: [σ]=30~50

示例:轴径d=40mm,传递扭矩T=500N·m
选用:b=12mm,h=8mm(查表)
工作长度l=50mm(假设)
σ = 2×500000 / (12×8×50) = 208MPa
[σ]=120MPa(钢静连接)→ 强度不足,需加长键或加双键

四、轴承选用速查

电机常用轴承类型

轴承类型代号适用场景转速承载能力电机应用
深沟球轴承6000径向载荷为主小型电机轴伸端
角接触球轴承7000径向+轴向高速电机
圆柱滚子轴承N径向载荷为主电机非轴伸端
圆锥滚子轴承30000径向+轴向大型电机
推力球轴承51000纯轴向立式电机

轴承代号解读(GB/T 272)

例:6205 - 2Z
││││ │
││││ └── 后缀:防尘盖/密封类型
│││└──── 宽度系列代号(0=正常,2=窄,3=宽)
││└──── 直径系列代号(2=轻,3=中,4=重)
│└───── 类型代号(0=向心球,N=圆柱滚子)
└─────── 轴承内径代号(05=25mm,规则:代号×5)
规则补充:
- 代号×5:内径10mm以上
- 固定内径:内径代号直接表示 mm(如6305,内径05×5=25mm)
- 内径<10mm:直接标数值(如625,内径5mm)

轴承配合速查

轴承类型轴配合(公差)轴承室配合(公差)
深沟球6000k5/k6H6/H7
圆柱滚子Nk5/k6H7
角接触球7000k5/k6H7

轴承游隙速查

游隙等级C3CNC4
游隙量大于CN正常大于C4
适用温升大/配合紧一般用途精密/高温
电机选用大型电机一般电机高精度电机

五、螺纹紧固件扭矩速查(参考值)

常用螺纹扭矩表(螺栓强度8.8级,μ=0.12)

螺纹规格扭矩(N·m)
M42.8~3.5
M55.5~7.0
M69.5~12
M823~29
M1045~57
M1278~98
M14123~155
M16190~240
M18275~345
M20385~480

强度等级对照

等级抗拉强度 σb (MPa)屈服强度 σs (MPa)
4.8400320
8.8800640
10.91000900
12.912001080

六、电机结构常用尺寸速查

机座与端盖配合尺寸(参考)

机座号中心高 H (mm)轴承室直径 D (mm)止口直径 d (mm)
636342/3095
717147/35110
808052/40130
909062/50145
10010072/60165
11211282/70185
13213295/80215
160160110/95265

轴伸尺寸速查(GB/T 756)

轴径 d (mm)伸出长度 L (mm)键宽 b键槽深 t
143052.5
164053
194063
245083.5
286084
3280103.5
3880104
42110125
48110145.5
55110166

七、材料选用速查

电机常用金属材料

材料牌号电机应用主要特点
硅钢片50WW270定子/转子铁芯低铁损、高磁导率
硅钢片35WW250高速电机铁芯更高频低损
铝合金6061-T6壳体、端盖轻量化、易加工
铝合金A356压铸壳体铸造性能好
碳钢45#轴、法兰强度高、成本低
合金钢40Cr高强度轴调质处理后使用
不锈钢304防腐壳体耐腐蚀
黄铜H62导电件导电性好

非金属材料

材料牌号电机应用
绝缘纸NMN槽绝缘、层间绝缘
绝缘套管SSVT引出线绝缘
环氧板3240槽楔、绝缘垫片
硅橡胶密封圈
聚四氟乙烯PTFE耐磨垫片

使用示例

用户:轴承档直径30mm,选用深沟球轴承,请给出具体公差值
助手:
- 轴承型号建议:6206(内径30mm)
- 轴公差:k5 或 k6
- 轴承室公差:H6 或 H7
- 粗糙度:Ra 0.2~0.4μm
- 形位公差:圆度 ≤0.005mm

用户:轴径25mm,键连接传递扭矩400N·m,应该选什么键?
助手:
- 查表:轴径25mm → b×h = 8×7
- 强度校核:σ = 2T/(b·h·l)
  假设键长60mm:σ = 2×400000/(8×7×60) = 238MPa
  [σ]=120MPa → 强度不足
- 建议:改用双键(180°布置),或选b×h=10×8的键

用户:直径20mm的轴,密封用油封,应该选什么粗糙度?
助手:
- 油封档 Ra = 0.4~0.8μm(推荐0.4μm)
- 形位公差:圆跳动 ≤0.01mm
- 建议:精车+抛光

注意事项

  • 以上速查表为常用参考值,具体设计需根据工况校核
  • 形位公差等级应根据功能要求选择,不过度要求高精度
  • 轴承配合过紧会导致游隙减小、温升升高
  • 键连接强度不足时,可考虑花键连接或胀紧连接

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