OpenClaw OneBot Plugin

OpenClaw OneBot 11 channel plugin for QQ messaging. Native integration with NapCat/go-cqhttp — voice pipeline, reactions, block streaming, and media delivery.

Jerry@xucheng

Install

openclaw plugins install clawhub:openclaw-onebot-plugin

OpenClaw OneBot 11 Channel Plugin 🐧

中文 | English

中文

OpenClaw 的 OneBot 11 协议通道插件，让 QQ 成为 OpenClaw 一等消息通道。

支持 NapCat、go-cqhttp 等所有兼容 OneBot 11 协议的 QQ 机器人框架。

说明：

npm 包名是 openclaw-onebot
ClawHub package payload 包名是 openclaw-onebot-plugin
插件 id 是 openclaw-onebot
通道 id 仍然是 onebot
因此 plugins.allow / plugins.entries 使用 openclaw-onebot；安装记录由 openclaw plugins install 管理
channels.onebot 保持不变
当前版本对齐 OpenClaw 2026.4.26 / plugin-sdk 2026.4.26，并声明 setupEntry 与 channelConfigs manifest metadata

功能

🔌 原生通道插件 — QQ 与 Discord / Telegram / WhatsApp 同级
📨 私聊和群聊收发消息
😀 Reaction 支持（群聊） — 通过 NapCat set_msg_emoji_like 给群消息加表情回应；QQ 私聊目前不稳定/通常不生效
👍 群聊自动 reaction — 对入站群消息自动点表情，可配置开关，默认关闭
🌊 Block streaming — 支持 OpenClaw 分块回复，QQ 端会连续收到多条流式消息
🧭 OpenClaw 文本命令支持 — 已授权来源可使用 /status、/help、/commands、/model、/new、/reset 等命令
🎤 语音完整链路 — QQ 语音 (SILK/AMR) → MP3 → STT → TTS → 发送 QQ 语音
📦 消息聚合 — 连续多条消息 1.5s 内自动合并（类似 Telegram 风格）
🖼️ 图片、语音、文件附件发送
🛠️ 通用 sendMedia 出站适配，delivery recovery / mirror / message tool 等通路都能发送图片、语音、文件
🔄 WebSocket 自动重连（指数退避）
🔒 可选 access token 鉴权
🎯 allowFrom 消息来源过滤（私聊/群聊/用户级别）
🛡️ 未配置 allowFrom 时 QQ 文本命令不会被授权；需要显式白名单或 ["*"]
✅ 120 个测试用例全部通过
📈 覆盖率可通过 npm run coverage 复核

架构

text

QQ 机器人框架 (NapCat / go-cqhttp)
  ├── WebSocket → 接收消息 (含语音 SILK/AMR 自动转 MP3)
  └── HTTP API  → 发送消息 (文字/图片/语音)
      ↕
OpenClaw OneBot Plugin (ChannelPlugin)
  ├── 消息聚合 (1.5s debounce)
  ├── 语音处理 (SILK → pilk → PCM → ffmpeg → MP3)
  └── allowFrom 过滤
      ↕
OpenClaw Gateway (统一消息管线)
  ├── STT (语音转文字)
  ├── Agent 对话
  ├── Block streaming (多段消息回复)
  ├── Reaction action
  └── TTS (文字转语音) → sendRecord → QQ 语音

快速开始

1. 安装插件

bash

# 推荐：直接安装已发布的 ClawHub payload
openclaw plugins install clawhub:openclaw-onebot-plugin

# 自动安装；默认不会修改本机 OpenClaw CLI dist
bash scripts/install.sh

# 或审查源码后手动准备本地发布包
npm install && npm run prepare:clawhub:plugin
openclaw plugins install .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin

scripts/install.sh 会先在源码仓库生成 .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin 精简发布包，并优先通过 openclaw plugins install 写入新版插件安装索引；旧版 OpenClaw 会回退到手动复制安装。脚本默认不会修改 OpenClaw CLI dist；只有当你的 OpenClaw 构建缺少 --shared-dir / --container-shared-dir setup 参数时，才需要显式执行 ONEBOT_SYNC_OPENCLAW_CLI=1 bash scripts/install.sh 或 npm run sync:openclaw-cli。

2. 配置

在 openclaw.json 中添加：

json

{
  "plugins": {
    "allow": ["openclaw-onebot"],
    "entries": {
      "openclaw-onebot": {
        "enabled": true
      }
    }
  },
  "channels": {
    "onebot": {
      "enabled": true,
      "wsUrl": "ws://your-host:3001",
      "httpUrl": "http://your-host:3001",
      "accessToken": "your_token",
      "sharedDir": "/Users/you/napcat/shared",
      "containerSharedDir": "/shared",
      "allowFrom": ["private:12345"],
      "groupAutoReact": false,
      "groupAutoReactEmojiId": 1
    }
  }
}

说明：

插件配置键使用 openclaw-onebot
通道配置键使用 channels.onebot
强烈建议配置 allowFrom 为可信 QQ 私聊或群聊；不配置时普通消息仍可进入通道，但 /status、/model 等 OpenClaw 文本命令不会被授权
accessToken 应使用强随机值，并只把 OneBot HTTP/WebSocket 端点暴露给本机或可信网络
sharedDir 建议使用专用目录，不要与下载、桌面、文档等私人文件目录混用
不要手写 plugins.installs；新版 OpenClaw 会把插件安装记录保存在托管安装索引中，请使用 openclaw plugins install <path-or-package>

也支持环境变量：

bash

ONEBOT_WS_URL=ws://your-host:3001
ONEBOT_HTTP_URL=http://your-host:3001
ONEBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN=your_token  # 可选

OneBot setup 也支持：

--token wsUrl,httpUrl[,accessToken[,sharedDir[,containerSharedDir]]]
或 openclaw channels add --channel onebot --shared-dir <hostPath> --container-shared-dir /shared
如果 OpenClaw 升级后覆盖了 CLI dist，且当前 OpenClaw 仍不支持 shared-dir 参数，可在插件目录审查后执行 npm run sync:openclaw-cli 重新同步参数接线

3. 重启 Gateway

bash

openclaw gateway restart

高级配置

json

{
  "channels": {
    "onebot": {
      "enabled": true,
      "wsUrl": "ws://your-host:3001",
      "httpUrl": "http://your-host:3001",
      "accessToken": "your_token",
      "sharedDir": "/Users/you/napcat/shared",
      "containerSharedDir": "/shared",
      "allowFrom": ["private:12345", "group:67890"],
      "groupAutoReact": false,
      "groupAutoReactEmojiId": 1
    }
  }
}

参数	说明
`allowFrom`	消息来源白名单 — `private:<QQ号>`、`group:<群号>`、或 `*`（允许所有）
`accessToken`	HTTP API 用 Bearer token，WebSocket 用 query 参数
`sharedDir`	宿主机共享目录；默认 `~/napcat/shared`，用于把语音/图片 stage 给 NapCat
`containerSharedDir`	容器内共享目录；默认 `/shared`，与 `sharedDir` 对应
`groupAutoReact`	是否对入站群消息自动添加 reaction，默认 `false`
`groupAutoReactEmojiId`	群聊自动 reaction 使用的 QQ emoji id，默认 `1`

Reaction 与流式回复

Reaction
- 插件实现了 OpenClaw channel action react
- 通过 NapCat set_msg_emoji_like 对群消息或指定群消息 message_id 添加表情
- QQ 私聊 reaction 目前不可靠，接口可能返回成功，但不会真正落到消息上
- 入站群消息还支持自动 reaction，受 groupAutoReact / groupAutoReactEmojiId 控制，默认关闭
流式回复
- 这里支持的是 OpenClaw block streaming
- QQ 端表现为连续多条分块消息，不是“编辑同一条消息”的 draft stream
- 开启方式：

json

{
  "agents": {
    "defaults": {
      "blockStreamingDefault": "on"
    }
  }
}

可选调优：

json

{
  "channels": {
    "onebot": {
      "streaming": {
        "block": {
          "coalesce": {
            "minChars": 80,
            "idleMs": 600
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

旧版 channels.onebot.blockStreamingCoalesce 仍兼容；新版 openclaw doctor --fix 会把它迁移到 channels.onebot.streaming.block.coalesce。

验证

Reaction
- 先让家庭群里出现一条新消息
- 从 gateway 日志里拿到 msg=<message_id>
- 再执行：

bash

npm run build
npm run react-test -- --message-id <message_id> --emoji 76

当前建议只把这项验证用于群聊消息；私聊 reaction 在 QQ/NapCat 上通常不生效
Streaming
- 在 OpenClaw 配置里开启 agents.defaults.blockStreamingDefault = "on"
- 然后在 QQ 里发一条明确要求“分段回复”的消息
- 成功时，QQ 会连续收到多条消息，日志里会出现 deliver(block)，最后再有 deliver(final)

语音支持（可选）

支持 QQ 语音消息的完整自动处理链路：

入站：QQ 语音 (SILK/AMR) → 下载 → 转 MP3 → OpenClaw STT 转文字 → Agent 生成回复
出站：Agent 回复 → TTS 生成音频 → sendRecord 发送 QQ 语音

依赖：

ffmpeg — 音频格式转换
uv — 运行 pilk 解码 SILK 格式（AMR 仅需 ffmpeg）

不需要语音功能时可以跳过这些依赖。

消息目标格式

private:<QQ号> — 私聊消息
group:<群号> — 群聊消息
<QQ号> — 自动识别为私聊

NapCat 部署参考

推荐使用 Docker 部署 NapCat：

yaml

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  napcat:
    image: mlikiowa/napcat-docker:latest
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"   # OneBot 11 WS + HTTP
      - "6099:6099"   # WebUI
    volumes:
      - ./napcat-data:/app/.config/QQ
      - ./shared:/shared   # 文件共享目录

开发

bash

npm install
npm test          # 120 tests
npm run build     # 编译 TypeScript
npm run coverage  # 覆盖率报告
npm run sync:openclaw-cli  # 审查后重新同步 OpenClaw CLI 的 shared-dir 参数

发布准备

bash

npm ci --ignore-scripts
npm run release:check
npm publish --access public

说明：

npm run release:check 会串行执行 build、全量 vitest、npm pack --dry-run、npm publish --dry-run、ClawHub package/skill 产物准备
npm 包名保持 openclaw-onebot，用于兼容已经安装 openclaw-onebot@1.2.x 的用户
ClawHub package payload 包名是 openclaw-onebot-plugin
OpenClaw runtime manifest id 仍是 openclaw-onebot，用于现有 plugins.allow / plugins.entries 配置兼容
ClawHub package 产物输出到 .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin/
ClawHub skill 产物输出到 .clawhub-skill/openclaw-onebot/
npm 发布后，再创建同版本 GitHub tag/release，并用同一个 tag 发布 ClawHub package 和 skill；完整命令见 docs/release-runbook.md

English

An OpenClaw native channel plugin that connects to NapCat, go-cqhttp, or any OneBot 11 compatible QQ bot framework.

Note:

npm package name: openclaw-onebot
ClawHub package payload name: openclaw-onebot-plugin
Plugin id: openclaw-onebot
Channel id: onebot
Use openclaw-onebot in plugins.allow / plugins.entries; install records are managed by openclaw plugins install
Keep channels.onebot unchanged
This release targets OpenClaw 2026.4.26 / plugin-sdk 2026.4.26 and declares setupEntry plus channelConfigs manifest metadata

Features

🔌 Native channel plugin — QQ on par with Discord / Telegram / WhatsApp
📨 Private & group chat (inbound + outbound)
😀 Reaction support (groups) — react to a QQ group message via NapCat set_msg_emoji_like; QQ private-chat reactions are currently unreliable
👍 Automatic group reactions — auto-react to inbound group messages with a configurable switch, disabled by default
🌊 Block streaming — OpenClaw partial replies arrive as multiple QQ messages
🎤 Full voice pipeline — QQ voice (SILK/AMR) → MP3 → STT → TTS → send QQ voice
📦 Message batching — auto-merge rapid messages within 1.5s (Telegram-style)
🖼️ Image, audio, and file attachments
🛠️ Generic sendMedia outbound adapter so delivery recovery, mirror, and message-tool paths can all send images, audio, and files
🔄 WebSocket auto-reconnect with exponential backoff
🔒 Optional access token authentication
🎯 allowFrom filtering (private/group/user-level)
🧭 OpenClaw text-command support for authorized senders (/status, /help, /commands, /model, /new, /reset, etc.)
🛡️ OpenClaw text commands are not authorized until allowFrom is explicitly configured
✅ 120 tests passing
📈 Coverage can be re-generated with npm run coverage

Quick Start

1. Install

bash

# Recommended: install the published ClawHub payload
openclaw plugins install clawhub:openclaw-onebot-plugin

# Auto install; does not patch the local OpenClaw CLI dist by default
bash scripts/install.sh

# Or prepare a local payload after reviewing the source
npm install && npm run prepare:clawhub:plugin
openclaw plugins install .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin

scripts/install.sh prepares .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin in the source repo first and prefers openclaw plugins install so current OpenClaw builds update the managed plugin install index. Older OpenClaw builds fall back to the legacy manual copy path. It no longer patches OpenClaw CLI dist by default; set ONEBOT_SYNC_OPENCLAW_CLI=1 only after reviewing scripts/sync-openclaw-cli.mjs and confirming your OpenClaw build lacks the shared-dir setup flags.

2. Configure

Add to openclaw.json:

json

{
  "plugins": {
    "allow": ["openclaw-onebot"],
    "entries": {
      "openclaw-onebot": {
        "enabled": true
      }
    }
  },
  "channels": {
    "onebot": {
      "enabled": true,
      "wsUrl": "ws://your-host:3001",
      "httpUrl": "http://your-host:3001",
      "accessToken": "your_token",
      "sharedDir": "/Users/you/napcat/shared",
      "containerSharedDir": "/shared",
      "allowFrom": ["private:12345"],
      "groupAutoReact": false,
      "groupAutoReactEmojiId": 1
    }
  }
}

Notes:

Use openclaw-onebot for plugin config keys
Keep runtime channel config under channels.onebot
Configure allowFrom to trusted QQ private users or groups. Without it, normal messages can still be routed, but OpenClaw text commands such as /status and /model are not authorized
Use a strong accessToken and keep OneBot HTTP/WebSocket endpoints on localhost or a trusted network
Use a dedicated sharedDir; do not point it at unrelated private files
Do not edit plugins.installs by hand; current OpenClaw stores install records in a managed plugin index, so use openclaw plugins install <path-or-package>

Or via environment variables:

bash

ONEBOT_WS_URL=ws://your-host:3001
ONEBOT_HTTP_URL=http://your-host:3001
ONEBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN=your_token  # optional

OneBot setup also supports:

--token wsUrl,httpUrl[,accessToken[,sharedDir[,containerSharedDir]]]
or openclaw channels add --channel onebot --shared-dir <hostPath> --container-shared-dir /shared
if an OpenClaw upgrade overwrites the installed CLI dist and your current OpenClaw build still lacks shared-dir flags, review then run npm run sync:openclaw-cli from the plugin directory

3. Restart Gateway

bash

openclaw gateway restart

Voice Support (Optional)

End-to-end voice flow:

Inbound: QQ voice (SILK/AMR) → download → MP3 → OpenClaw STT → Agent reply
Outbound: Agent reply → TTS audio → sendRecord → QQ voice

Dependencies: ffmpeg + uv (for SILK decoding via pilk). Skip if text/image only.

Reactions and Streaming Replies

Reactions
- The plugin implements the OpenClaw react channel action
- It maps to NapCat set_msg_emoji_like
- Group-message reactions are supported
- QQ private-chat reactions are currently unreliable: the API may return success while no visible reaction is persisted
- Inbound group messages can also be auto-reacted, controlled by groupAutoReact / groupAutoReactEmojiId, disabled by default
Streaming replies
- This plugin supports OpenClaw block streaming
- QQ receives multiple incremental messages instead of a single edited draft message
- Enable it with:

json

{
  "agents": {
    "defaults": {
      "blockStreamingDefault": "on"
    }
  }
}

Optional coalescing hint for OneBot:

json

{
  "channels": {
    "onebot": {
      "streaming": {
        "block": {
          "coalesce": {
            "minChars": 80,
            "idleMs": 600
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Legacy channels.onebot.blockStreamingCoalesce remains accepted; current openclaw doctor --fix migrates it to channels.onebot.streaming.block.coalesce.

Verification

Reaction
- Send a fresh QQ group message first
- Read the inbound msg=<message_id> from the gateway log
- Then run:

bash

npm run build
npm run react-test -- --message-id <message_id> --emoji 76

For now, treat this as a group-chat verification flow; private-chat reactions are not a reliable capability
Streaming
- Enable agents.defaults.blockStreamingDefault = "on" in OpenClaw config
- Send a QQ prompt that explicitly asks for chunked / stepwise output
- Success looks like multiple QQ messages plus deliver(block) entries in the gateway log, followed by deliver(final)

Configuration

Option	Description
`allowFrom`	Whitelist — `private:<qq>`, `group:<id>`, or `*` (allow all)
`accessToken`	Bearer token for HTTP, query param for WebSocket
`sharedDir`	Host-side shared directory; defaults to `~/napcat/shared` for staging outbound media
`containerSharedDir`	Container-side mount path; defaults to `/shared` and should map to `sharedDir`
`groupAutoReact`	Whether to auto-react to inbound group messages; defaults to `false`
`groupAutoReactEmojiId`	QQ emoji id used for automatic group reactions; defaults to `1`

Target Format

private:<qq_number> — Private message
group:<group_id> — Group message
<qq_number> — Auto-detected as private

Development

bash

npm install
npm test          # Run 120 tests
npm run build     # Compile TypeScript
npm run coverage  # Coverage report
npm run sync:openclaw-cli  # Re-apply shared-dir CLI wiring after review

Release Prep

bash

npm ci --ignore-scripts
npm run release:check
npm publish --access public

Notes:

npm run release:check runs build, the full vitest suite, npm pack --dry-run, npm publish --dry-run, and ClawHub package/skill staging
npm package name stays openclaw-onebot for users already installed from openclaw-onebot@1.2.x
ClawHub package payload name: openclaw-onebot-plugin
OpenClaw runtime manifest id stays openclaw-onebot for existing plugins.allow / plugins.entries compatibility
The ClawHub package payload is written to .clawhub-plugin/openclaw-onebot-plugin/
The ClawHub skill payload is written to .clawhub-skill/openclaw-onebot/
After npm is published, create the same-version GitHub tag/release and publish the ClawHub package plus skill from that tag; see docs/release-runbook.md

License

MIT