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Security audit

Skill Usage Analyzer

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a read-oriented OpenClaw skill documentation analyzer with some disclosed inventory/recommendation features, and I did not find hidden exfiltration, persistence, or destructive runtime behavior.

Install only if you are comfortable with a tool that can enumerate and summarize your installed OpenClaw skills. Prefer a pinned or already trusted ClawHub CLI instead of unpinned npx, and be careful before allowing install.sh to overwrite an existing skill-usage-analyzer directory if you have local changes there.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
Findings (1)

T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Warning
Location
README.md:18
Finding

Unpinned Package Execution Through npx

Content
View full analysis

Vulnerability Details

File Location: README.md:18-20
Vulnerability Type: Unpinned third-party package execution
Risk Level: Medium

Vulnerable Code Snippet:

bash
# Install through ClawHub
npx clawhub install skill-usage-analyzer

Technical Analysis

The documented installation command invokes clawhub through npx without specifying a package version, integrity hash, or verified source. If the package is not already available locally, npx may retrieve the current package release from the configured npm registry and execute it.

Consequently, the code executed during installation is not restricted to the version reviewed during this audit. A compromised publisher account, registry package, or malicious future release could alter installation behavior and execute attacker-controlled code.

Attack Path

  1. An attacker compromises the npm publisher account, package distribution channel, or registry entry associated with clawhub.
  2. The attacker publishes a malicious release under the expected package name.
  3. A user follows the installation command in README.md.
  4. npx retrieves the current unpinned release from the configured registry.
  5. Package lifecycle or CLI code executes with the privileges of the user running the command.
  6. The malicious package can access or modify resources available to that user.

Impact Assessment

Successful exploitation could result in arbitrary code execution with the installing user's privileges. The affected scope may include the user's files, OpenClaw workspace, environment variables, accessible credentials, and other resources available to the current account. The reviewed project itself contains no confirmed malicious package or payload; exploitation depends on compromise or substitution of the external package supply chain.

Remediation
View remediation

Remediation Suggestions

  • Pin the CLI to a specifically reviewed version, for example npx clawhub@<verified-version> install skill-usage-analyzer.
  • Document the expected npm registry, package publisher, and verified package identity.
  • Verify package provenance, signatures, and integrity metadata before execution.
  • Prefer a lockfile-backed installation process or an already installed, trusted CLI instead of downloading executable code on demand.
  • Provide a verified-source installation alternative using a fixed commit or immutable release artifact with a published checksum.
  • Review pinned updates before changing the recommended version.
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
Findings (50)

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

Task-based recommendation and workflow generation imply scanning the local skills directory and synthesizing multi-skill automation advice, which is broader than analyzing one skill's SKILL.md. This can expose local inventory information unexpectedly and create trust gaps between declared and actual behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The manifest says this skill should generate comprehensive usage guides by extracting examples, best practices, configuration options, and pitfalls from SKILL.md files. This code instead reads skill metadata only to match a user's task description to installed skills, returning recommendations rather than documentation analysis or usage-guide generation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The primary descriptive content is presented in Chinese, and the README does not indicate that other languages are supported or that the user can choose a preferred language. This creates a natural-language policy concern because it implicitly enforces a specific language without opt-in.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The manifest says this skill analyzes OpenClaw skills to generate usage guides by extracting examples, best practices, configuration options, and pitfalls from SKILL.md files. However, the README advertises additional functions such as creative usage generation, skill recommendation based on task descriptions, and comparison matrices, which go beyond straightforward documentation analysis and usage-guide generation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Rp1

Medium
Category
MCP Rug Pull
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

npx commands without a version suffix (e.g. @1.0.0) create a rug-pull risk if the upstream server is compromised and publishes a malicious update.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Rp1

Medium
Category
MCP Rug Pull
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

npx commands without a version suffix (e.g. @1.0.0) create a rug-pull risk if the upstream server is compromised and publishes a malicious update.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Rp1

Medium
Category
MCP Rug Pull
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

npx commands without a version suffix (e.g. @1.0.0) create a rug-pull risk if the upstream server is compromised and publishes a malicious update.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Rp1

Medium
Category
MCP Rug Pull
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

npx commands without a version suffix (e.g. @1.0.0) create a rug-pull risk if the upstream server is compromised and publishes a malicious update.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The skill documents executable Python scripts and clearly implies shell access plus filesystem reads across arbitrary SKILL.md paths, but it does not declare an explicit tool scope such as allowed tools or permissions. That mismatch weakens reviewability and least-privilege controls, making it easier for a seemingly documentation-focused skill to operate with broader capabilities than users expect.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The description promises SKILL.md analysis and usage-guide generation, but the body documents indexing, comparison, recommendation, auditing, and usage-history features that materially expand data access and behavior. Security reviews depend on accurate self-description, so this under-disclosure raises the risk of overbroad execution under misleading expectations.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

This markdown file presents major feature descriptions, usage sections, and most examples in Chinese, while the skill description and title are in English. Because the document does not state that the skill is Chinese-only or give users an opt-in or alternative locale, it effectively imposes a language choice on users.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Skill Enumeration

Medium
Category
Agent Snooping
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The documented examples explicitly reference the local installed-skills path under ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills, indicating enumeration and inspection of the user's skill inventory. In context, enumeration is part of the feature set, but it is still security-relevant because it reveals environment details beyond a single target document.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 37)May include surrounding context.

python3 scripts/analyze_skill.py /path/to/skill/SKILL.md

分析已安装的技能

python3 scripts/analyze_skill.py ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/stock-watcher/SKILL.md

text

### 分析所有已安装技能

Skill Enumeration

Medium
Category
Agent Snooping
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

This example again demonstrates access to the user's installed skills path, reinforcing that the skill can inspect local inventory rather than only a supplied standalone file. Repeated environment enumeration increases information exposure risk if users expect a narrow documentation-only analyzer.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 53)May include surrounding context.

输入:

bash
python3 scripts/analyze_skill.py ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/stock-watcher/SKILL.md

输出示例:

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The 'How It Works' section says the skill reads SKILL.md files, but other commands rely on installed-skill inventories and usage records. This discrepancy obscures the true data sources and can cause users to approve access without understanding that broader workspace metadata may be processed.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

Usage-history analysis reaches into workspace records unrelated to the stated purpose of summarizing SKILL.md documentation. Even if read-only, this broadens the privacy and data-exposure surface because operational history can reveal sensitive workflows, interests, or project activity.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

This markdown file contains user-facing instructions exclusively in Chinese, including the title, step descriptions, checklist, and FAQ. Under the policy, forcing a specific language without user opt-in is a natural-language policy violation unless the locale constraint is explicitly documented and justified, which is not present here.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The script's comments and all user-visible messages are presented in Chinese, which imposes a specific language on users without opt-in. The file does not indicate that the skill is intended only for a Chinese-speaking or region-specific audience.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The script recursively deletes the existing installation directory with rm -rf after only a minimal single-character prompt and without clearly warning the user that all existing contents will be permanently removed. If the target directory contains unexpected files, symlinked content, or prior user modifications, this can cause unintended data loss during installation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The manifest describes a skill focused on analyzing a skill's documentation to generate a usage guide. However, the installer's exposed commands include creative usage generation, skill combination discovery, task-based recommendation, skill comparison, and bulk analysis of all skills, which materially expands the apparent functionality beyond the stated purpose.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.