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Security audit

Cloudflare Crawl

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a straightforward Cloudflare crawl helper that uses the user's Cloudflare credentials to start, check, retrieve, and cancel crawl jobs without hidden persistence or unrelated behavior.

Install only if you intend to use Cloudflare's Browser Rendering crawl service. Use a least-privilege Cloudflare token, expect target URLs, crawl settings, optional extraction prompts, and crawl results to be processed by Cloudflare, and avoid crawling private, regulated, authenticated, or internal content unless you have approval and understand Cloudflare's retention and billing implications.

A.I.G

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs

SkillSpector

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
Findings (12)

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 9)May include surrounding context.

md
- scripts/crawl.js

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 41)May include surrounding context.

md
- scripts/crawl.js

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 44)May include surrounding context.

md
- scripts/crawl.js

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 47)May include surrounding context.

md
- scripts/crawl.js

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The skill requires environment access and makes outbound network requests, but it does not declare an explicit tool scope such as permissions or allowed-tools. That weakens least-privilege controls and can cause users or orchestrators to invoke the skill without a clear policy boundary around secret access and external transmission.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The skill encourages crawling and content extraction but does not clearly warn that target URLs and retrieved page content are sent to Cloudflare's Browser Rendering service and may remain available remotely for up to 14 days. This creates a privacy and data-handling risk, especially if users crawl sensitive, internal, authenticated, or regulated content without realizing it leaves the local environment.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 54)May include surrounding context.

1. Start Crawl Job

bash
curl -X POST "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/$CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID/browser-rendering/crawl" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 54)May include surrounding context.

md
const API_TOKEN = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN;
const ACCOUNT_ID = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID;
const BASE_URL = `https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${ACCOUNT_ID}/browser-rendering/crawl`;

if (!API_TOKEN || !ACCOUNT_ID) {
  console.error('Error: Set CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN and CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID');

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 69)May include surrounding context.

md
const API_TOKEN = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN;
const ACCOUNT_ID = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID;
const BASE_URL = `https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${ACCOUNT_ID}/browser-rendering/crawl`;

if (!API_TOKEN || !ACCOUNT_ID) {
  console.error('Error: Set CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN and CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID');

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 77)May include surrounding context.

md
const API_TOKEN = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN;
const ACCOUNT_ID = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID;
const BASE_URL = `https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${ACCOUNT_ID}/browser-rendering/crawl`;

if (!API_TOKEN || !ACCOUNT_ID) {
  console.error('Error: Set CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN and CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID');

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/crawl.js (reported line 18)May include surrounding context.

js
const API_TOKEN = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN;
const ACCOUNT_ID = process.env.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID;
const BASE_URL = `https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${ACCOUNT_ID}/browser-rendering/crawl`;

if (!API_TOKEN || !ACCOUNT_ID) {
  console.error('Error: Set CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN and CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID');

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The CLI sends user-supplied crawl targets and optional AI extraction prompts directly to Cloudflare's external Browser Rendering API without any explicit notice, consent step, or safeguards against transmitting sensitive internal URLs or proprietary prompt/data content. In a scraping/RAG skill, this matters because operators may paste confidential targets or prompts assuming the tool runs locally, causing unintended third-party disclosure.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.