lorax

Create bootable system images (ISO, disk, cloud) for Fedora/RHEL using Lorax with customizable packages, templates, and boot configurations.

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Install

openclaw skills install lorax

Lorax Skill - 系统镜像构建

技能描述 | Skill Description

名称 | Name: lorax
版本 | Version: 1.0.0
作者 | Author: OS Build Agent
领域 | Domain: System Image Creation (Fedora/RHEL)

专业的系统镜像构建技能，使用 Lorax 工具创建可启动的 ISO、 disk 镜像、云镜像等，支持 Anaconda 安装镜像和 Live 镜像。

Professional system image creation skill using Lorax tool to create bootable ISOs, disk images, cloud images, supporting Anaconda installer and Live images.

功能列表 | Features

1. ISO 镜像创建 | ISO Image Creation

Anaconda 安装镜像 | Anaconda installer
Live ISO 镜像 | Live ISO images
网络启动镜像 | Network boot images
自定义启动镜像 | Custom boot images

2. 磁盘镜像 | Disk Images

QCOW2 镜像 | QCOW2 images
VMDK 镜像 | VMDK images
VDI 镜像 | VDI images
原始磁盘镜像 | Raw disk images
分区配置 | Partition configuration

3. 云镜像 | Cloud Images

AWS AMI | AWS AMI
Azure VHD | Azure VHD
GCE tar.gz | GCE tar.gz
OpenStack qcow2 | OpenStack qcow2

4. 模板系统 | Template System

Lorax 模板 | Lorax templates
自定义模板 | Custom templates
模板变量 | Template variables
条件构建 | Conditional builds

5. 包管理 | Package Management

包选择 | Package selection
包组 | Package groups
自定义仓库 | Custom repositories
包排除 | Package exclusion

6. 启动配置 | Boot Configuration

GRUB2 配置 | GRUB2 configuration
ISOLINUX 配置 | ISOLINUX configuration
内核参数 | Kernel parameters
启动菜单 | Boot menu

配置 | Configuration

工具安装 | Tool Installation

# RHEL/Fedora
dnf install lorax lorax-templates-generic

# 可选工具 | Optional tools
dnf install virt-install virt-builder guestfs-tools

目录结构 | Directory Structure

/usr/share/lorax/
├── templates/           # 模板文件
│   ├── Fedora/         # Fedora 模板
│   └── RHEL/           # RHEL 模板
├── conf/               # 配置文件
└── logs/               # 日志文件

/var/tmp/lorax/         # 构建临时目录

使用示例 | Usage Examples

创建安装 ISO | Create Installer ISO

# 基本安装 ISO 创建
# Basic installer ISO creation
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  /path/to/repo

# 完整参数示例
# Full parameter example
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --project "Fedora Project" \
  --release "Fedora 39" \
  --variant "Server" \
  --bugurl "https://bugzilla.redhat.com" \
  --isfinal \
  --installpkgs "fedora-release,systemd" \
  --excludepkgs "firewalld" \
  --macboot \
  /path/to/repo

创建 Live ISO | Create Live ISO

# 创建 Live ISO
# Create Live ISO
livemedia-creator \
  --make-iso \
  --iso-only \
  --iso-name "Fedora-Live-Workstation-x86_64-39.iso" \
  --project "Fedora" \
  --releasever "39" \
  --title "Fedora Live Workstation" \
  --extra-kernel-args "rhgb quiet" \
  --unionfs-config "NONE" \
  /path/to/ks/file

# 使用自动安装文件
# Using kickstart file
livemedia-creator \
  --make-iso \
  --iso-only \
  --ks "fedora-live.ks" \
  --project "Fedora" \
  --releasever "39" \
  --title "Fedora Live" \
  /path/to/repo

创建磁盘镜像 | Create Disk Images

# 创建 QCOW2 镜像
# Create QCOW2 image
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format qcow2 \
  --output "fedora-39.qcow2" \
  --install "fedora-release,systemd"

# 创建 VMDK 镜像
# Create VMDK image
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format vmdk \
  --output "fedora-39.vmdk"

# 创建多格式镜像
# Create multi-format image
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --output "fedora-39" \
  --formats "qcow2,vmdk,vdi"

使用 Lorax 模板 | Use Lorax Templates

# 使用自定义模板
# Use custom template
lorax \
  -p "CustomOS" \
  -v "1.0" \
  -r "1.0" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --templatedir "/path/to/templates" \
  --template "custom.tmpl" \
  /path/to/repo

# 模板变量
# Template variables
lorax \
  -p "CustomOS" \
  -v "1.0" \
  -r "1.0" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --add-template-var "custom_var=value" \
  --add-template-var "another_var=value2" \
  /path/to/repo

自定义包选择 | Custom Package Selection

# 安装特定包
# Install specific packages
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --installpkgs "fedora-release,systemd,grub2,kernel" \
  --installpkgs "gnome-desktop,firefox" \
  --excludepkgs "firewalld,postfix" \
  /path/to/repo

# 使用包组
# Use package groups
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --installpkgs "@core,@standard" \
  --excludepkgs "@debugging" \
  /path/to/repo

云镜像创建 | Cloud Image Creation

# 创建 AWS AMI
# Create AWS AMI
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format qcow2 \
  --output "fedora-39-aws.qcow2" \
  --install "fedora-release,cloud-init,aws-cli" \
  --firstboot "/path/to/aws-config.sh"

# 创建 Azure VHD
# Create Azure VHD
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format vpc \
  --output "fedora-39-azure.vhd" \
  --install "fedora-release,cloud-init,WALinuxAgent"

# 创建 GCE 镜像
# Create GCE image
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format qcow2 \
  --output "fedora-39-gce.qcow2" \
  --install "fedora-release,cloud-init,google-compute-engine"

# 创建 OpenStack 镜像
# Create OpenStack image
virt-builder \
  --fedora-39 \
  --size 20G \
  --format qcow2 \
  --output "fedora-39-openstack.qcow2" \
  --install "fedora-release,cloud-init"

Kickstart 文件示例 | Kickstart File Example

# fedora-live.ks 示例
# fedora-live.ks example
cat > fedora-live.ks << 'EOF'
# Platform
x86_64

# Language
lang en_US.UTF-8

# Keyboard
keyboard us

# Timezone
timezone UTC

# Root password
rootpw --plaintext password

# Bootloader
bootloader --location=mbr

# Partitioning
clearpart --all --initlabel
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=10000
part swap --size=2000

# Packages
%packages
@core
fedora-release
systemd
kernel
grub2
firefox
gnome-desktop
%end

# Post installation
%post
dnf update -y
%end
EOF

高级用法 | Advanced Usage

自定义 Lorax 模板 | Custom Lorax Template

# 创建自定义模板
# Create custom template
cat > /path/to/templates/custom.tmpl << 'EOF'
# 安装基本包
# Install base packages
installpkg fedora-release
installpkg systemd
installpkg kernel
installpkg grub2

# 安装桌面环境
# Install desktop environment
installpkg @gnome-desktop

# 创建目录
# Create directories
mkdir /etc/custom
mkdir /var/custom

# 复制文件
# Copy files
copy /path/to/config /etc/custom/config

# 运行命令
# Run commands
run ln -s /etc/custom/config /etc/config-link

# 设置启动项
# Setup boot
bootloader --append="rhgb quiet"
EOF

# 使用模板
# Use template
lorax \
  -p "CustomOS" \
  -v "1.0" \
  -r "1.0" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax" \
  --templatedir "/path/to/templates" \
  --template "custom.tmpl" \
  /path/to/repo

多架构构建 | Multi-architecture Build

# x86_64 架构
# x86_64 architecture
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax-x86_64" \
  --arch "x86_64" \
  /path/to/repo

# aarch64 架构
# aarch64 architecture
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax-aarch64" \
  --arch "aarch64" \
  /path/to/repo

# ppc64le 架构
# ppc64le architecture
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax-ppc64le" \
  --arch "ppc64le" \
  /path/to/repo

网络安装镜像 | Network Install Image

# 创建精简网络安装 ISO
# Create minimal network install ISO
lorax \
  -p "Fedora" \
  -v "39" \
  -r "39" \
  -o "/var/tmp/lorax-net" \
  --netboot-only \
  --installpkgs "anaconda,grub2,syslinux" \
  /path/to/repo

命令参考 | Command Reference

Lorax 选项 | Lorax Options

选项	Option	描述	Description
`-p`	product	产品名称	Product name
`-v`	version	版本号	Version
`-r`	release	发布号	Release
`-o`	output	输出目录	Output directory
`--arch`	architecture	目标架构	Target architecture
`--installpkgs`	install packages	安装包列表	Packages to install
`--excludepkgs`	exclude packages	排除包列表	Packages to exclude
`--templatedir`	template dir	模板目录	Template directory
`--template`	template	模板文件	Template file
`--macboot`	mac boot	Mac 启动支持	Mac boot support

livemedia-creator 选项 | Options

选项	Option	描述	Description
`--make-iso`	make ISO	创建 ISO	Create ISO
`--make-disk`	make disk	创建磁盘镜像	Create disk image
`--iso-only`	ISO only	仅 ISO	ISO only
`--ks`	kickstart	Kickstart 文件	Kickstart file
`--title`	title	镜像标题	Image title

virt-builder 选项 | Options

选项	Option	描述	Description
`--format`	format	镜像格式	Image format
`--size`	size	镜像大小	Image size
`--output`	output	输出文件	Output file
`--install`	install	安装包	Install packages
`--firstboot`	firstboot	首次启动脚本	Firstboot script

最佳实践 | Best Practices

1. 镜像优化 | Image Optimization

清理不必要的文件 | Clean unnecessary files
压缩镜像减小体积 | Compress images to reduce size
移除调试信息 | Remove debug info

2. 安全性 | Security

使用最新安全更新 | Use latest security updates
配置防火墙 | Configure firewall
设置强密码策略 | Set strong password policy

3. 测试验证 | Testing

在虚拟机中测试启动 | Test boot in VM
验证所有功能 | Verify all functions
检查日志文件 | Check log files

故障排除 | Troubleshooting

构建失败 | Build Failed

# 查看详细日志
# View detailed logs
cat /var/tmp/lorax/lorax.log

# 检查依赖
# Check dependencies
dnf deplist lorax

# 清理临时文件
# Clean temp files
rm -rf /var/tmp/lorax/*

启动失败 | Boot Failed

# 检查 GRUB 配置
# Check GRUB configuration
grep -r "menuentry" /boot/grub2/

# 验证内核
# Verify kernel
rpm -qa kernel

# 检查启动日志
# Check boot logs
journalctl -xb

参考资料 | References

许可证 | License

MIT License

更新日志 | Changelog

v1.0.0 (2026-03-23)

初始版本，完整的 Lorax 支持
Initial release with full Lorax support
中英文双语文档
Bilingual documentation (Chinese/English)