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Security audit

Shop from Samsung - With your creditcard

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This is a disclosed shopping and payments skill, but it needs Review because it can authorize real-money spending and create payment links beyond simple shopping.

Install only if you intentionally want an agent to handle real-money purchases and payment workflows. Use a least-privilege CreditClaw key, keep the default ask-for-everything approval mode unless you explicitly accept delegated spending, set tight merchant/category/budget limits, and do not enable payment-link creation unless you want the agent to request money from third parties.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Rogue AgentSelf-Modification, Session Persistence
  • YARA SignaturesMalware Match, Webshell Match, Cryptominer Match
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
Findings (30)

YARA rule 'agent_skill_prompt_injection_hidden_instructions': Prompt injection or hidden instructions embedded in AI agent skill text [agent_skills]

High
Category
YARA Match
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

YARA rule matched a hack tool or exploit indicator (offensive tools, reconnaissance, privilege escalation, or exploit frameworks).

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 12)May include surrounding context.

md
rsion: 2.3.1
updated: 2026-02-23T00:00:00Z
description: "Let your agent shop online with guardrailed wallets, multiple payment methods, and owner approval."
homepage: https://creditclaw.com
api_base: https://creditclaw.com/api/v1
credentials: [CREDITCLAW_API_KEY]
metadata: {"openclaw":{"requires":{"env":["CREDITCLAW_API_KEY"]},"primaryEnv":"CREDITCLAW_API_KEY"}}
---

# CreditClaw — Shopping for AI Agents

CreditClaw lets your agent buy things online — Amazon products, Shopify stores, SaaS subscriptions, and more.
Your owner funds a wallet, sets spending limits, and you shop within those guardrails.

## Skill Files

| File | URL | Purpose |
|------|-----|---------|
| **SKILL.md** (this file) | `https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/skill.md` | Registration, setup, payment method guide, and API reference |
| **SHOPPING.md** | `https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/shopping.md` | General purchasing guide — merchant types, tips, common patterns |
| **AMAZON.md** | `https://creditclaw.com/cre

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · amazon.md (reported line 33)May include surrounding context.

Purchase Request

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/card-wallet/bot/purchase \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The document tells the agent to routinely check wallet status, spending permissions, balances, and connected payment rails, which implies transmission and retrieval of sensitive financial/account data. While it provides operational instructions, it does not include any user-facing warning that this routine accesses financial account details and sends the API key in authenticated requests.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · heartbeat.md (reported line 19)May include surrounding context.

1. Check Full Status (Recommended)

bash
curl https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bot/status \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · heartbeat.md (reported line 95)May include surrounding context.

Before an expensive self-hosted card purchase, test if it would pass:

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bot/check/rail4/test \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{ "merchant_name": "Amazon", "amount_cents": 5000, "profile_index": 1 }'

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The document instructs agents to transmit shipping addresses and initiate real purchases, but it does not prominently warn that this sends sensitive personal data to a third-party service and may cause real financial charges. In an agent-skill context, this omission is risky because an integrator or downstream agent may treat the example as routine API usage without obtaining explicit user consent or confirming purchase intent.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
84% confidence
Finding

This example sends an authorization token plus full shipping address and purchase details to an external API that performs real-world ordering. While expected for the feature, it is still a genuine security/privacy concern in a skill because it enables exfiltration of PII and conversion of agent actions into real financial transactions if invoked without strong consent and approval handling.

Content

Scanner excerpt · prepaid-wallet.md (reported line 43)May include surrounding context.

Purchase Request

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/card-wallet/bot/purchase \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · prepaid-wallet.md (reported line 98)May include surrounding context.

Step 1: Search for Variants

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/card-wallet/bot/search \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{ "product_url": "https://shop.example.com/products/widget" }'

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The documentation describes an autonomous purchase flow where the system may auto-approve transactions within an allowance without contemporaneous human review. In an agent setting, this is dangerous because any prompt injection, compromised workflow, or mistaken agent reasoning can be converted directly into financial spend at arbitrary online merchants.

Content

Scanner excerpt · self-hosted-card.md (reported line 11)May include surrounding context.

md
## How It Works

Self-hosted cards use a split-knowledge privacy model. Your owner provides their own card details through CreditClaw's secure setup wizard — you never see the actual card numbers. When you need to make a purchase at any online merchant, you submit a checkout request. CreditClaw evaluates it against your card's permissions and either auto-approves (if within your allowance) or sends your owner an approval request via email.

**Use this rail for:** Any online store — SaaS subscriptions, cloud hosting, domain registrations, digital services, or any merchant not covered by the Pre-paid Wallet.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This flow operationalizes autonomous decision making by allowing immediate processing when an amount falls within an auto-approved threshold. The context makes it more dangerous because the rail is usable for 'any online merchant,' so the allowance can function as a standing authorization for unauthorized or manipulated purchases.

Content

Scanner excerpt · self-hosted-card.md (reported line 23)May include surrounding context.

md
1. You submit a checkout request with merchant and amount details
2. CreditClaw evaluates the request against your card's permissions
3. If the amount is within your auto-approved allowance, it processes immediately
4. If the amount exceeds the threshold, your owner receives an approval request (email with secure link)
5. You poll for the result
6. Once approved, the transaction is recorded

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

This skill explicitly instructs an agent to transmit merchant, item, amount, and authorization-bearing payment requests to an external payment API. Even though this is the intended function of the skill, it enables real-world financial transactions and sends sensitive operational/payment metadata off-platform, so misuse, prompt injection, or task confusion could directly cause unauthorized purchases.

Content

Scanner excerpt · self-hosted-card.md (reported line 31)May include surrounding context.

Checkout Request

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bot/merchant/checkout \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The documented approved response confirms that transactions can complete automatically, reinforcing that the agent can receive a successful purchase outcome without human intervention. In a payments skill, this materially increases risk because successful exploitation has immediate monetary consequences rather than merely informational effects.

Content

Scanner excerpt · self-hosted-card.md (reported line 57)May include surrounding context.

| category | No | Spending category | | task_id | No | Your internal task reference |

Response (Auto-Approved — Within Allowance)

json
{

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

Allowance thresholds that auto-approve purchases create a standing delegated spending authority for the agent. In the context of a broadly capable shopping/payment skill, that delegation is security-sensitive and can be abused repeatedly for unauthorized spend, merchant fraud, or policy evasion if the agent is manipulated.

Content

Scanner excerpt · self-hosted-card.md (reported line 111)May include surrounding context.

md
## Allowance Thresholds

Your owner sets a per-profile allowance threshold for each card. Purchases within this threshold are auto-approved — no email confirmation needed. Purchases above it require human approval via a secure email link (15-minute TTL).

Your owner can view and adjust these thresholds from their dashboard at `https://creditclaw.com/app/self-hosted`.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · shopping.md (reported line 51)May include surrounding context.

  1. Check wallet & spending permissions
  2. Confirm purchase details with the user
  3. Submit purchase/checkout request
  4. Handle approval (auto-approved or pending owner approval)
  5. Poll for result if pending
  6. Report outcome to user (tracking info, confirmation, or error)
text

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 339)May include surrounding context.

  1. Check wallet & spending permissions
  2. Confirm purchase details with the user
  3. Submit purchase/checkout request
  4. Handle approval (auto-approved or pending owner approval)
  5. Poll for result if pending
  6. Report outcome to user (tracking info, confirmation, or error)
text

Session Persistence

Medium
Category
Rogue Agent
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Skill establishes unauthorized persistence across sessions via cron jobs, startup scripts, or state files. Session persistence allows an attacker to maintain access beyond the current interaction.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 32)May include surrounding context.

Follow your human's instructions on how to manage and save skill files. If unsure, you can install locally:

bash
mkdir -p ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/skill.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/SKILL.md
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/shopping.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/SHOPPING.md
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/amazon.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/AMAZON.md

Skill Enumeration

Medium
Category
Agent Snooping
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

Skill enumerates or reads other installed skills. Access to other skills' SKILL.md files or the skills directory reveals prompt instructions, capabilities, and secrets that should be invisible to peer skills.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 33)May include surrounding context.

Follow your human's instructions on how to manage and save skill files. If unsure, you can install locally:

bash
mkdir -p ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/skill.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/SKILL.md
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/shopping.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/SHOPPING.md
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/amazon.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/AMAZON.md
curl -s https://creditclaw.com/creditcard/prepaid-wallet.md > ~/.creditclaw/skills/creditcard/PREPAID-WALLET.md

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 133)May include surrounding context.

Register to get your API key and a claim token for your human.

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bots/register \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "bot_name": "my-research-bot",

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 223)May include surrounding context.

Recommended interval: every 30 minutes, or before any purchase.

bash
curl https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bot/status \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY"

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
75% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 274)May include surrounding context.

"cash_advances" ], "recurring_allowed": false, "notes": "Prefer free tiers before paying. Always check for discount codes. No annual plans without asking me first.", "updated_at": "2026-02-06T18:00:00Z" }

text

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 281)May include surrounding context.

md
**You must follow these rules:**
- If `approval_mode` is `ask_for_everything`, ask your human before any purchase to get their approval. **New accounts default to this mode.** Your owner can loosen this from their dashboard once they're comfortable.
- If `approval_mode` is `auto_approve_under_threshold`, you may spend freely up to `ask_approval_above_usd`. Anything above that requires owner approval.
- If `approval_mode` is `auto_approve_by_category`, you may spend freely on `approved_categories` within limits. All others require approval.
- **Never** spend on `blocked_categories`. These are hard blocks enforced server-side and will be declined.
- Always read and follow the `notes` field — these are your owner's direct instructions.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 282)May include surrounding context.

md
**You must follow these rules:**
- If `approval_mode` is `ask_for_everything`, ask your human before any purchase to get their approval. **New accounts default to this mode.** Your owner can loosen this from their dashboard once they're comfortable.
- If `approval_mode` is `auto_approve_under_threshold`, you may spend freely up to `ask_approval_above_usd`. Anything above that requires owner approval.
- If `approval_mode` is `auto_approve_by_category`, you may spend freely on `approved_categories` within limits. All others require approval.
- **Never** spend on `blocked_categories`. These are hard blocks enforced server-side and will be declined.
- Always read and follow the `notes` field — these are your owner's direct instructions.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · skill.md (reported line 351)May include surrounding context.

When your balance is low, ask your human if they'd like you to request a top-up:

bash
curl -X POST https://creditclaw.com/api/v1/bot/wallet/topup-request \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $CREDITCLAW_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The skill is presented as a shopping/payment tool for spending owner-authorized funds, but it also exposes the ability to generate payment links and receive money from arbitrary third parties. That materially expands the trust boundary and operational scope beyond purchasing, which can mislead users, bypass review expectations, or enable unintended billing/collections workflows.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

Generating payment links to charge arbitrary payers is a monetization/collections capability, not merely a shopping function. If a platform or user approves this skill expecting only outbound purchases, the hidden inbound charging functionality could be abused for phishing, unauthorized billing, or scope creep.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.