Python包鸿蒙兼容性测试技能

Check Python library compatibility with HarmonyOS. Downloads source from GitHub/PyPI, detects Windows-specific dependencies, runs pytest with per-test-case reporting, and generates detailed compatibility reports.

Python HarmonyOS Compatibility Checker

When to Use

• Check if a Python package works on HarmonyOS
• Validate multiple packages before deployment
• Migrate a Python project to HarmonyOS
• Detect Windows-specific API dependencies (win32api, pythoncom, pywin32, etc.)

Usage

bash

# Single package
python scripts/check_compatibility.py requests

# Multiple packages (parallel, 4 workers default)
python scripts/check_compatibility.py requests numpy pandas flask

# Specify workers
python scripts/check_compatibility.py --workers 8 requests numpy pandas

# From requirements file
python scripts/check_compatibility.py -r requirements.txt
python scripts/check_compatibility.py -w 8 -r requirements.txt

# Sequential mode (debugging)
python scripts/check_compatibility.py --sequential requests numpy

# Keep downloaded source for verification
python scripts/check_compatibility.py --keep-source numpy

Options

Option	Description	Default
-w, --workers N	Number of parallel workers	4
--sequential	Run checks one at a time	False
-r, --requirements FILE	Check packages from requirements file	-
--keep-source	Keep downloaded source code for verification	False

Output

Reports saved to current directory:

• compatibility_report_*.md - Markdown with summary and details
• compatibility_report_*.json - Machine-readable with per-test-case results

Timestamps use 东八区时间 (UTC+8/北京时间).

Example (numpy)

text

📦 numpy v2.2.1
   Status: ✅ Compatible
   Test Pass Rate: 88.9%
   Total: 45 tests | Passed: 40 | Failed: 5

Metrics

Metric	Description
Total Tests	Individual test functions run
Passed	Successfully completed
Failed	Failed due to code issues
Environment Issues	Permission/temp dir failures (not counted)
Pass Rate	passed / total
Valid Pass Rate	passed / (passed + failed) - excludes environment issues

Test Workflow

1. Download Source - GitHub (preferred) or PyPI
2. Windows Check - Scan for Windows-specific imports (win32api, pythoncom, pywin32, ctypes.windll)
   • Found → Incompatible (no further testing)
3. Find Tests - From installed package (preferred) or source
4. Run Tests - pytest with verbose output, per-function reporting
5. Analyze - Categorize: environment issues vs code issues
6. Report - Markdown + JSON with detailed results

Status

Status	Criteria
✅ Compatible	Installs + valid pass rate ≥ 80% + no Windows deps
⚠️ Partial	Installs + valid pass rate 50-79%
❌ Incompatible	Cannot install OR valid pass rate < 50% OR Windows deps detected

Error Classification

Type	Description	Counts Against
Environment	Permission errors, temp dir issues	❌ No
Code	Import errors, API incompatibilities	✅ Yes
Platform	Windows/macOS/X11 dependencies	✅ Yes

Known Issues

Platform Dependencies

Platform	Problematic Packages	Alternative
Windows	pywin32, wmi, pythoncom, xlwings	Cross-platform libs
macOS	applescript, quartz, cocoa	-
X11	python-xlib, xcb	pynput

Windows Module Detection

Scans for: win32api, win32con, win32gui, win32com, pythoncom, pywintypes, ctypes.windll, winsound, msvcrt

Detection includes:

• Direct imports: import win32api, from win32com import ...
• Dynamic imports: importlib.import_module('pythoncom')
• ctypes Windows DLL: ctypes.windll, ctypes.WinDLL
• References in setup.py, pyproject.toml

Compatible Packages

• requests, numpy (45 tests, 88.9%), pandas, flask, django, pytest, beautifulsoup4, pillow

Scripts

check_compatibility.py

Features:

• Source download from GitHub/PyPI
• Windows dependency detection
• Test discovery from installed package or source
• pytest integration with per-test-case reporting
• Environment issue detection
• Source code retention (--keep-source)

pytest Integration:

• Uses pytest -v --tb=short --import-mode=importlib
• Runs from /tmp to avoid source import conflicts
• Parses output for individual test function results
• Limits to 15 test files, shows progress every 5 files

Troubleshooting

Permission Errors

bash

# Clean up pytest temp directories
rm -rf pytest-of-*

Source Verification

bash

# Keep source for inspection
python scripts/check_compatibility.py --keep-source xlwings

# Check Windows imports
grep -r "import win32" /path/to/source/

False Positives

Some failures may be due to:

• Missing optional system libraries
• Network-dependent tests
• pytest configuration issues

Review detailed reports to distinguish real incompatibilities from environment issues.

Integration

CI/CD

yaml

- name: HarmonyOS Compatibility
  run: python scripts/check_compatibility.py -r requirements.txt --keep-source

Programmatic

python

from scripts.check_compatibility import check_package
result = check_package("requests")
print(f"Compatible: {result.compatible}, Issues: {result.issues}")

Limitations

• Binary dependencies may fail to compile
• Some packages require system-level dependencies
• Pure HarmonyOS (NEXT) has stricter security policies
• Not all packages have unit tests
• Network required for source download

Related

• references/python-env-setup.md - Python setup on HarmonyOS
• references/compatibility-database.md - Known package status

Best Practices

For Users

1. Review error classifications (environment vs code)
2. Use --keep-source to verify tested code
3. Run multiple times for transient failures
4. Check Windows dependencies first

For Authors

1. Include tests in your package
2. Use pytest
3. Avoid platform-specific tests (or use @pytest.mark.skipif)
4. Document system dependencies
5. Use conditional imports: if sys.platform == 'win32'