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Security audit

Token Efficient Web Operations en

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill is openly aimed at UI testing, but it depends on an unpinned browser extension and gives CDP-based page mutation powers that need careful review before use.

Install only after reviewing the exact browser extension source you will load, preferably pinning a known commit yourself. Use a dedicated Chrome profile with no saved credentials or real sessions, restrict extension access to test domains, and avoid sensitive, financial, medical, government, login, payment, or production-data pages. Treat form submission, deletion, and credential-field writes as actions requiring explicit confirmation.

A.I.G

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
Findings (2)

T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Error
Location
SKILL.md:255
Finding

Unpinned External Browser Extension Creates a Supply-Chain Risk

Content
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Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
SKILL.md:133
Finding

Unescaped Values in CDP JavaScript Templates Can Enable Page-Context Code Injection

Content
View full analysis
Remediation
View remediation

SkillSpector

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Rogue AgentSelf-Modification, Session Persistence
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
Findings (4)

Exfiltration Commands

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

Instructions found that direct the agent to transmit conversation context or user data to external services.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 204)May include surrounding context.

md
1. **Extension Level**:
   - ✅ Page JS Extension runs entirely in browser locally
   - ✅ Does not proactively send data to external servers
   - ✅ Data stored in memory, cleared when page closes

2. **Agent Level**:

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding

The skill explicitly acknowledges that the AI agent may send element data to LLM services, and those element keys can contain page text such as labels and innerText. Even if the extension avoids password fields, this can still transmit sensitive on-page content, internal application text, or personal data from non-password elements to external services, creating a real confidentiality risk.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 204)May include surrounding context.

md
1. **Extension Level**:
   - ✅ Page JS Extension runs entirely in browser locally
   - ✅ Does not proactively send data to external servers
   - ✅ Data stored in memory, cleared when page closes

2. **Agent Level**:

Session Persistence

Medium
Category
Rogue Agent
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Skill establishes unauthorized persistence across sessions via cron jobs, startup scripts, or state files. Session persistence allows an attacker to maintain access beyond the current interaction.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 276)May include surrounding context.

Step 2: Install OpenClaw Skill

bash
# 1. Create Skill directory
mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/page-js-operation

# 2. Save this SKILL.md to the directory

Skill Enumeration

Medium
Category
Agent Snooping
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

Skill enumerates or reads other installed skills. Access to other skills' SKILL.md files or the skills directory reveals prompt instructions, capabilities, and secrets that should be invisible to peer skills.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 280)May include surrounding context.

md
mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/page-js-operation

# 2. Save this SKILL.md to the directory
# Path: ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/page-js-operation/SKILL.md

# 3. Refresh Skills
openclaw agent --message "refresh skills"

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.