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Security audit

Email Approval Workflow

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a disclosed email-approval workflow that requires human approval before sending external messages.

Review the configured recipients, sender identity, /root/.openclaw/workspace paths, and email_manager.py setup before use. Treat the CSV audit log as potentially sensitive because it can reveal who was contacted and why.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
Findings (3)

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 114)May include surrounding context.

md
**NOT approved by:**
- "Looks good" (needs explicit send instruction)
- "OK" (ambiguous)
- Silence (never assume approval)

## Examples

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
75% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 179)May include surrounding context.

md
### If no response to approval request:
1. Wait minimum 1 hour
2. Send polite follow-up: "Just checking if you had a chance to review the draft?"
3. Never send without approval

## Integration with Agents

Missing User Warnings

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The workflow logs recipient identifiers, purpose, timestamps, and approval status into a local CSV audit trail without any stated data minimization, retention, access control, or privacy notice. While operationally useful, this can expose contact and communication metadata to other local users, backups, or downstream tooling and may create unnecessary privacy/compliance risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.