PV String design 光伏组串设计

v1.0.1

【光伏组串设计专用技能】当用户请求计算光伏组件串联数量、匹配逆变器参数、或进行光伏系统设计时自动触发 支持:耦合计算法、规范保守法、容配比计算、电压校核、电流校核、配置方案推荐、自动查询当地极端温度 严格遵循:组件参数 → 自动查询温度 → 温度修正 → 辐照度-温度耦合 → 逆变器匹配 → 安全校核 → 方案推荐

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Prompt PreviewInstall & Setup
Install the skill "PV String design 光伏组串设计" (yuepeng1985-web/pv-string-design) from ClawHub.
Skill page: https://clawhub.ai/yuepeng1985-web/pv-string-design
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openclaw skills install pv-string-design

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npx clawhub@latest install pv-string-design
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Purpose & Capability
Name/description match the runtime instructions: the skill collects module/inverter/project parameters, runs conservative and irradiance–temperature coupled calculations, performs voltage/current/power checks, and returns design recommendations. It does not request unrelated binaries, credentials, or config paths.
Instruction Scope
The SKILL.md requires automatically querying local extreme temperatures (step0) by searching meteorological data sources and recording the data source. This is directly relevant to the design calculations, but it implies network queries that will transmit the provided project location (city) to external data sources; users should be aware that location information and inferred site context may leave the agent when the skill runs. Otherwise the instructions are specific and narrowly scoped to PV design tasks and standards (GB 50797, IEC).
Install Mechanism
Instruction-only skill with no install spec and no code files. No packages, downloads, or archive extraction are present, so nothing is written to disk by the skill itself.
Credentials
The skill declares no required environment variables, no credentials, and no config paths. The declared inputs (module, inverter, site parameters) are proportional to the stated purpose.
Persistence & Privilege
always:false and default model invocation behavior. The skill does not request permanent/force-inclusion privileges and contains no instructions to modify other skills or system-wide settings.
Scan Findings in Context
[no-findings] expected: No code files were present and the regex-based scanner had nothing to analyze. For an instruction-only skill this is expected; primary surface is the SKILL.md text.
Assessment
This skill appears coherent and suitable for PV string design. Before installing, consider: (1) the skill will automatically query meteorological data for the project location — if you prefer not to send site location externally, provide T_low/T_high yourself; (2) verify cited data sources in the generated report (the skill promises to record them) and cross-check any conservative assumptions; (3) confirm your agent/platform's browsing or web-access settings — the skill relies on external weather data and will only be as accurate as those sources; (4) always review and validate the final design against local codes and vendor datasheets before implementation.

Like a lobster shell, security has layers — review code before you run it.

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Updated 9h ago
v1.0.1
MIT-0

光伏组串设计技能

自动计算光伏组件串联数量,匹配逆变器参数,输出最优配置方案。

🎯 Auto-Trigger Keywords (自动触发关键词)

当对话包含以下关键词时,自动触发本技能:

  • "光伏组件串联" / "组串设计" / "串联数量"
  • "逆变器匹配" / "容配比" / "组串配置"
  • "光伏系统设计" / "组件串联数"
  • "耦合计算" / "辐照度温度耦合"
  • "光伏板怎么组串" / "多少片组件串联"

示例:

✅ "帮我计算光伏组件串联数量"
✅ "625W组件配110kW逆变器,怎么配置?"
✅ "用耦合计算法计算21片串联是否可行"
✅ "平湖市光伏项目,组件参数如下..."

📋 执行流程

用户请求组串设计
    ↓
收集组件参数(Voc, Vmp, Isc, Imp, Kv, K'v, NOCT)
    ↓
收集逆变器参数(Vdcmax, Vmppt_max, Vmppt_min, Imax, 功率)
    ↓
收集项目地点(城市/区县)
    ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 步骤0:查询当地极端最低温度(自动执行)  │
│   - 优先搜索:[城市] 历史极端最低温度    │
│   - 备选:[省份] 气象站数据              │
│   - 兜底:同纬度城市参考                 │
│   - 记录数据来源                         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
    ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 步骤1:规范保守法计算(基准)            │
│   - 按 GB 50797 公式计算                │
│   - T_low 取步骤0查询结果                │
│   - 输出 N_min, N_max                   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
    ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 步骤2:耦合计算法计算(优化)            │
│   - T_cell = T_amb + (NOCT-20)×G/800   │
│   - 遍历 G = 200~1000W/m²              │
│   - 计算各辐照度下的 Voc_array           │
│   - 输出可行范围                         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
    ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 步骤3:逆变器匹配校核                    │
│   - 电压校核:Voc < Vdcmax, Vmp 在 MPPT  │
│   - 电流校核:Imp < Imax                 │
│   - 功率校核:P_dc / P_ac = 容配比       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
    ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ 步骤4:配置方案推荐                      │
│   - 方案A:标准配置(9串)               │
│   - 方案B:满配MPPT(11串)              │
│   - 方案C:超配方案(如可行)            │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
    ↓
输出结构化报告

📐 核心计算公式

1. 规范保守法(GB 50797)

N ≤ Vdcmax / [Voc × (1 + Kv × (T_low - 25))]
N ≤ Vmppt_max / [Vmp × (1 + Kv × (T_low - 25))]
N ≥ Vmppt_min / [Vmp × (1 + K'v × (T_high - 25))]

2. 耦合计算法(优化)

T_cell = T_amb + (NOCT - 20) × G / 800
Voc_array = N × Voc_STC × [1 + Kv × (T_cell - 25)]
Vmp_array = N × Vmp_STC × [1 + K'v × (T_cell - 25)]

3. 温度修正系数

Kv = 开路电压温度系数(%/℃)
K'v = 工作电压温度系数(%/℃)
修正系数 = 1 + Kv × (T - 25)

4. 容配比

容配比 = P_dc / P_ac = (N × M × Pmp_STC) / P_ac_inv

其中 N = 每串片数,M = 串数

🔧 输入参数模板

组件参数(必填)

参数符号单位示例
最大输出功率PmpW625
工作电压VmpV40.77
工作电流ImpA15.33
开路电压VocV49.25
短路电流IscA16.14
开路电压温度系数Kv%/℃-0.28
工作电压温度系数K'v%/℃-0.28
额定工作温度NOCT45

逆变器参数(必填)

参数符号单位示例
额定功率P_ackW110
最大直流输入电压VdcmaxV1100
MPPT电压上限Vmppt_maxV1000
MPPT电压下限Vmppt_minV180
每路MPPT最大输入电流ImaxA20
MPPT路数N_mppt-9
MPPT配置--2/2/1/1/1/1/1/1/1

项目参数(选填)

参数符号单位示例
项目地点--浙江省嘉兴市平湖市
历史极端最低温度T_low-10(自动查询)
历史极端最高温度T_high40(自动查询)
目标容配比--1.0~1.3
安装方式--固定支架/平铺

步骤0:查询当地极端温度(自动执行)

执行顺序

  1. 用户未提供 T_low 时,自动搜索:[城市] 历史极端最低温度 气象数据
  2. 优先采用:国家气象站历史极值
  3. 备选方案:同纬度城市参考(误差 ±2℃)
  4. 记录数据来源,如:数据来源:浙江省气象局 1951-2025 年统计
  5. 如无法精确查询,采用保守值:
    • 长江以南沿海:-5℃ ~ -8℃
    • 长江以北:-10℃ ~ -15℃
    • 北方严寒:-20℃ ~ -30℃

📊 输出报告模板

## 光伏组串设计报告

### 输入参数
| 参数 | 数值 |
|------|------|
| 组件型号 | [型号] |
| 逆变器型号 | [型号] |
| 项目地点 | [地点] |
| 极端最低温度 | [T_low] |

### 数据来源
| 参数 | 来源 |
|------|------|
| 极端最低温度 | [自动查询结果,如:浙江省气象局] |
| 极端最高温度 | [自动查询结果] |

### 方案对比
| 方案 | 每串片数 | 总串数 | 总组件数 | 装机容量 | 容配比 | 低温Voc | 结论 |
|------|---------|--------|---------|---------|--------|--------|------|
| A | [N] | [M] | [N×M] | [P_dc] | [ratio] | [Voc] | [✅/⚠️/❌] |

### 推荐方案
| 项目 | 配置 |
|------|------|
| 每串组件数 | [N] |
| 总组串数 | [M] |
| 总组件数 | [N×M] |
| 总装机容量 | [P_dc] |
| 容配比 | [ratio] |

### 电压校核
| 条件 | 电压 | 限制 | 结论 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 常温(25℃)开路电压 | [Voc_25] | <[Vdcmax] | [✅/❌] |
| 低温([T_low]℃)开路电压 | [Voc_low] | <[Vdcmax] | [✅/❌] |
| 高温([T_high]℃)工作电压 | [Vmp_high] | >[Vmppt_min] | [✅/❌] |

### 电流校核
| 参数 | 数值 | 限制 | 结论 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 工作电流 | [Imp] | <[Imax] | [✅/❌] |
| 短路电流 | [Isc] | <[Imax_max] | [✅/❌] |

⚠️ 安全规则

  1. Voc_array 必须 < Vdcmax:否则可能损坏逆变器硬件
  2. Vmp_array 应在 MPPT 范围内:否则逆变器无法追踪最大功率点
  3. Imp × 并联数 ≤ Imax:否则可能烧毁输入端子
  4. 容配比建议 0.9~1.3:过高导致弃光,过低浪费逆变器

🌡️ 温度系数参考

组件类型Kv (%/℃)K'v (%/℃)NOCT (℃)
单晶硅 PERC-0.28~-0.32-0.30~-0.3544~46
单晶硅 TOPCon-0.26~-0.30-0.28~-0.3244~45
多晶硅-0.30~-0.35-0.35~-0.4045~47
薄膜 (CdTe)-0.20~-0.25-0.25~-0.3040~42

🌡️ 中国主要城市极端最低温度参考表

地区城市T_low (℃)备注
华南广州、深圳、厦门-2 ~ 0沿海极少结冰
华东沿海上海、杭州、宁波、平湖-8 ~ -10长江三角洲
华东内陆合肥、南昌-10 ~ -12
华中武汉、长沙-10 ~ -12
华北北京、天津、济南-15 ~ -19
西北西安、兰州-15 ~ -20
东北沈阳、长春、哈尔滨-25 ~ -35严寒地区
西南成都、重庆-2 ~ -5盆地效应
高原拉萨、西宁-15 ~ -25高海拔

注:以上为历史极端最低温度参考值,实际设计应以当地气象局最新数据为准。

📚 参考资料

  • GB 50797-2012《光伏发电站设计规范》
  • IEC 62446-1《光伏系统并网要求》
  • 阳光电源组串式逆变器技术手册
  • 光伏组件规格书(STC/NOCT参数)

技能由明睿创建 | 最后更新:2026-04-28

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