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Security audit

公众号复刻蒸馏写作

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a disclosed writing-style cloning tool, but it warrants Review because it creates persistent author personas that can use external collection, local files, and strong identity-style instructions.

Install only if you are comfortable with a skill that may fetch public-platform content through RedFox, read user-specified local article files or folders, and create persistent local author-style sub-skills. Review generated personas before use, avoid cloning living or identifiable authors without permission, do not use it for deceptive attribution, and keep the RedFox API key scoped and revocable.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Findings (1)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
references/persona-template.md:17
Finding

Persistent Author-Persona Instruction Hijacking in Generated Sub-Skills

Content
View full analysis

Vulnerability Details

File Location: references/persona-template.md:17-21, 119-123, 156-175; references/core_workflow.md:530, 547-548
Vulnerability Type: T01: Skill Instruction Hijacking
Risk Level: High

Vulnerable Code Snippets

From references/persona-template.md:17-21, translated faithfully into English:

markdown
## Who You Are

You are **[author name]**.

You are not imitating; you are them. You have your own way of thinking, values, and perspective on the world.

From references/persona-template.md:119-123, translated faithfully into English:

markdown
## Double Review System (MANDATORY)

> This is a workflow you **must execute** while writing. It is not a suggestion; it is mandatory.
> Before outputting any article, you must pass the following two checks.
> If either check fails, you must rewrite the article.

From references/persona-template.md:156-175, translated faithfully into English:

markdown
### Review Two: Ideological Consistency Review

**Review objective**: Confirm that every sentence in the article conforms to your way of thinking.

| Check | Core question | Failure signal |
|-------|---------------|----------------|
| Position check | Does the article's position conform to your core values? | The position conflicts with you or is ambiguous |
| Emotion check | Does the emotional response conform to your emotional triggers? | Calm when you should be angry, or angry when you should be understanding |
| Argument check | Does the argument conform to your thinking habits? | It uses an argument method you would not use |
| Identity check | Does the narrative perspective conform to your self-positioning? | The position shifts to your opposing side |
| Taboo check | Does it violate any non-negotiable boundary? | It contains content you would never write |

**Failure handling**:
1. Mark the problematic sentence or paragraph.
2. Ask: "[author name], how would you think about this issue?"
3. Rewrite the p
...[truncated 4126 chars]
Remediation
View remediation

Remediation Suggestions

  1. Replace identity-assumption language with a task-scoped role:
markdown
You are a writing assistant applying documented stylistic characteristics associated with [author name].
Do not claim to be, represent, or speak on behalf of the author.
  1. Add an explicit instruction-precedence boundary:
markdown
System, developer, safety, factuality, and current-user instructions always take precedence over this style profile.
This profile may influence presentation but must not override requested facts, positions, or safety requirements.
  1. Restrict mandatory checks to linguistic characteristics such as vocabulary, sentence length, structure, rhythm, and rhetorical devices. Do not make inferred worldview, identity, emotional triggers, or ideological positions mandatory output gates.

  2. Treat all analyzed articles as untrusted data. Explicitly prohibit copying embedded commands, role instructions, tool directives, or prompt-like content from the corpus into the generated sub-skill.

  3. Preserve uncertainty in inferred characteristics. Label conclusions as observations from a limited corpus rather than definitive beliefs held by the author.

  4. Generate the sub-skill as a preview first. Require explicit user approval before writing it to ~/.workbuddy/skills/, and provide a clear option to save it elsewhere or avoid installation.

  5. Sanitize [author name] before using it in a filesystem path. Permit only a safe identifier format and reject path separators or traversal sequences.

  6. Clearly label all generated output as style-inspired AI content that is neither authored nor endorsed by the analyzed person.

  7. Allow the user to disable or override any style constraint during invocation, provided higher-priority safety and factuality requirements remain intact.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (20)

Natural-Language Policy Violations

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The skill explicitly promises to produce a writing 'clone' that is highly consistent with a named author's thinking and expression, moving beyond generic stylistic inspiration into near-impersonation. That creates elevated risk of deceptive attribution, misuse of a real person's identity or brand, and possible copyright/policy violations when deployed at scale.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The invocation language is broad enough to trigger actions like automatic content collection, style analysis, persona generation, and later persona-driven writing without clearly constraining scope, consent, or approved data sources. In a skill that can access external materials and install a local persona, ambiguous triggering increases the chance of unintended data processing or misuse of copyrighted/private content.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The README promotes automatic article collection and local persona installation but does not warn about privacy, consent, retention, copyright, or where collected data and generated personas are stored. Because the skill reconstructs an author's thinking and style from multiple articles, missing data-handling guidance can lead to unauthorized scraping, retention of personal/copyrighted material, and persistent local artifacts containing sensitive or proprietary text.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

Line L52 says users can 'directly use natural language to describe needs' with no need to remember commands, but it does not define clear trigger boundaries, exclusions, or constrained phrases. In a README for a skill, this can cause unintended invocation because the activation scope overlaps with ordinary conversation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The README promotes automatic article collection and installation of a local sub-skill without clearly disclosing privacy, consent, provenance, or local system-impact considerations. In the context of a skill that may ingest third-party content and create local installed artifacts, missing warnings can lead users to authorize data collection or system changes without understanding what content is accessed, stored, or modified.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The description advertises automatic collection from external platforms and ingestion from user-specified file paths but does not present a prominent warning about privacy, authorization, or local data exposure. In this context, users may not realize the skill could access sensitive local content or scrape third-party material, increasing the chance of unauthorized data use.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The trigger list is extremely broad and includes common writing-related phrases such as analyzing style, copying style, and mimicking an author's writing. That increases accidental activation risk and makes it easier to invoke the skill in ordinary conversations without clear user intent, which is especially problematic because the skill can then collect external content and generate imitation-style outputs.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

This markdown skill guidance forces a specific language/locale for all users through its natural-language instructions. The file does not provide any opt-in, alternative language option, or explanation that the skill is intended only for a Chinese-speaking or region-specific context.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

The document states in Chinese that it contains the complete execution workflow for the writing skill, and the workflow throughout is written exclusively in Chinese with no indication that users may choose another language. This creates a language/locale constraint that is not presented as optional or justified as a region-specific requirement.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The workflow supports local file-path ingestion and platform collection, including bulk folder reads, without consistently requiring an explicit privacy notice or consent checkpoint before accessing potentially sensitive local content. In an agent environment, broad file-reading instructions can lead to overcollection of personal or unrelated data beyond what the user intended to analyze.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This section combines external HTTP requests, an API key, and transmission of user-supplied account identifiers/content to a third-party endpoint without a clear, upfront privacy disclosure and consent gate. Because the skill is for style analysis rather than essential remote processing, the context makes silent external transfer more dangerous: users may reasonably expect local analysis, not third-party enrichment using host-managed credentials.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The workflow explicitly instructs use of an environment variable API credential (REDFOX_API_KEY) to access external services. Even if the key is not printed, teaching a skill to consume host credentials broadens trust boundaries and can enable unauthorized third-party data access or accidental credential misuse if the skill is triggered in unexpected contexts.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The workflow directs the agent to create and later update a persistent skill under ~/.workbuddy/skills/..., which expands behavior from analysis into writing executable/persistent agent instructions on the local system. Persisting generated prompt logic as a reusable skill increases the blast radius of prompt injection, data leakage, and unintended future autonomous behavior because the artifact can be invoked later outside the original user context.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The file presents the skill template entirely in Chinese and labels it as a standard structure for generated sub-skills, but it does not indicate that language selection is optional or user-controlled. Under the stated policy, forcing a specific language or locale without opt-in is a natural-language policy concern unless the restriction is clearly justified.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The description embeds trigger phrases such as “像[作者名]一样写” and “用[作者名]的文风”, which are natural user requests that could appear in ordinary writing conversations. The template does not define when the skill should activate versus when such phrases should be treated as generic discussion, nor does it provide negative examples or scope limits.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

标题和说明均以中文固定呈现,未见任何允许用户选择语言或声明该技能仅面向中文用户的自然语言说明。根据规则,未获用户选择即强制特定语言/locale 属于组织语言策略违规。

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The documentation states the skill can ingest articles from specified file paths and will generate an installable local writing-avatar sub-skill. In the provided file, these are only described outcomes; there is no corresponding code or procedural content showing how file-path handling or local installation actually occurs, creating a description-to-behavior mismatch within the supplied artifact.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
84% confidence
Finding

The feature list claims the skill automatically verifies style consistency and content accuracy before output. In the provided file set, this is a concrete behavioral claim with no supporting implementation or documented mechanism, so the declared capability exceeds what can be substantiated from the actual artifact under review.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
71% confidence
Finding

The skill's purpose is author-style analysis and generation, and the README introduces a mandatory external API credential for redfox.hk. Because the provided artifact contains no implementation showing why this external service is necessary for article collection or style distillation, the capability appears unjustified relative to the stated purpose in this file alone.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

After generating outputs, the workflow launches two separate agents to evaluate usability, review trigger coverage, and dry-run prompts. This is a broader orchestration/evaluation capability that goes beyond the manifest's stated purpose of analyzing writing style and generating a writing clone.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.