T08 · Insecure Dependencies
- Location
requirements.txt:1- Finding
Mutable and Unverified Third-Party Dependencies
- Content
View full analysis
Vulnerability Details
File Location:
requirements.txt:1-3
Vulnerability Type: Unpinned dependencies without integrity verification
Risk Level: MediumVulnerable Code
text requests>=2.28.0 beautifulsoup4>=4.11.0 pytz>=2022.1The installation instructions in
SKILL.mdalso recommend installing unconstrained packages directly:bash pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxmlTechnical Analysis
The dependency specifications use lower-bound constraints rather than exact, audited versions. Consequently, every installation may resolve to different future releases. The project also provides no lock file or package hashes with which to verify the integrity of downloaded artifacts.
This does not establish that any current dependency is malicious. However, it leaves the installation process exposed to upstream package compromise, compromised package-index accounts, malicious future releases, or index substitution in an improperly configured environment. Python packages may execute build backend or installation logic during installation and arbitrary code when imported.
Dependency declarations are also inconsistent: the script uses the
lxmlBeautiful Soup parser andSKILL.mdtells users to installlxml, butrequirements.txtomits it. Conversely,pytzis declared but is not imported by the reviewed script. This inconsistency undermines reproducibility and can cause users to install dependencies through undocumented or unverified paths.Attack Path
- An attacker compromises an upstream dependency release, its package-index publishing account, or a package source trusted by the installation environment.
- The attacker publishes a malicious version satisfying one of the open constraints, such as a version greater than or equal to the stated minimum.
- A user follows the documented installation command or installs from
requirements.txt. - The package resolver s ...[truncated 1011 chars]
- Remediation
View remediation
Remediation Suggestions
- Replace lower-bound constraints with exact versions that have been reviewed and tested:
text requests==<audited-version> beautifulsoup4==<audited-version> lxml==<audited-version> - Remove
pytzif it remains unused, or document and pin it if it is genuinely required. - Add
lxmlexplicitly to the authoritative dependency manifest because the script invokes Beautiful Soup with thelxmlparser. - Generate a reproducible lock file containing all transitive dependencies.
- Record cryptographic hashes for every resolved distribution and enforce them during installation, for example:
bash python -m pip install --require-hashes -r requirements.txt - Install only from a trusted package index over TLS, disable unapproved supplemental indexes, and review package provenance before updates.
- Run dependency installation and the Skill in an isolated, least-privileged virtual environment or container.
- Add automated dependency vulnerability and provenance scanning to the update process, and regenerate locks and hashes only after reviewing new releases.
- Replace lower-bound constraints with exact versions that have been reviewed and tested:
