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Security audit

Oxylabs Web Search

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a straightforward Oxylabs-backed web search and page scraping helper, with expected third-party API use and no evidence of hidden persistence, destructive behavior, or unrelated data access.

Install only if you are comfortable sending search terms, target URLs, geo options, and fetched page content to Oxylabs. Avoid using it for secrets, private/internal URLs, regulated data, or confidential research unless that third-party use is approved.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (7)

Missing User Warnings

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill description does not warn that user search queries, target URLs, and scraped page content are transmitted to Oxylabs, a third-party service. This creates a meaningful privacy and data-governance risk because users or higher-level agents may pass sensitive prompts, internal URLs, or confidential research terms without informed consent.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Credential Access

High
Category
Privilege Escalation
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Code accesses credential files (SSH keys, AWS credentials, etc.). This could indicate credential theft attempts.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 62)May include surrounding context.

export OXYLABS_AI_STUDIO_API_KEY="YOUR_OXYLABS_AI_STUDIO_API_KEY"

text

### Via .env file

For `~/.openclaw/.env`, add the assignment:

Credential Access

High
Category
Privilege Escalation
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Code accesses credential files (SSH keys, AWS credentials, etc.). This could indicate credential theft attempts.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/oxylabs.py (reported line 44)May include surrounding context.

python
def _require_api_key() -> str:
    key = os.getenv(API_KEY_ENV, "").strip()
    if not key:
        env_path = Path.home() / ".openclaw" / ".env"
        if env_path.is_file():
            for line in env_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
                line = line.strip().removeprefix("export ").strip()

Credential Access

High
Category
Privilege Escalation
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Code accesses credential files (SSH keys, AWS credentials, etc.). This could indicate credential theft attempts.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/oxylabs.py (reported line 59)May include surrounding context.

python
def _require_api_key() -> str:
    key = os.getenv(API_KEY_ENV, "").strip()
    if not key:
        env_path = Path.home() / ".openclaw" / ".env"
        if env_path.is_file():
            for line in env_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
                line = line.strip().removeprefix("export ").strip()

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The skill declares no explicit tool scope or allowed-tools despite requiring environment access, file reads, and network use. That omission weakens least-privilege boundaries and makes it easier for the skill to be invoked with broader capabilities than users may expect, especially in an agent ecosystem where policy metadata guides runtime restrictions.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The activation language is very broad ('whenever the user wants to search the web, look something up, find current information or news, gather sources and links') and can cause over-triggering on common requests. In an agent setting, this can unintentionally route user data or prompts to the external web-search skill when a narrower or local capability would suffice.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
83% confidence
Finding

This code sends search queries, URLs, geolocation values, and optionally scraped page content to a third-party service via HTTP requests. Although the module docstring states it uses the Oxylabs REST API, there is no runtime confirmation or explicit user-facing warning in the command handlers before transmitting potentially sensitive input.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.