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Security audit

VBOUT

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The VBOUT workflow requires approval for data changes, but its setup can execute remote installation code and make lasting changes to agent skills without separate approval.

Review and approve the oo CLI installation separately before use. Consider disabling automatic skill synchronization with OO_SKILLS_SYNC_DISABLED=1, as documented in the [command reference](https://github.com/oomol-lab/oo-cli/blob/main/docs/commands.md). Keep the required confirmations for contact changes and deletion. The remote installer and hosted connector code remain unverified; no malicious behavior was established in the bundled artifact.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Output HandlingUnvalidated Output Injection, Cross-Context Output, Unbounded Output
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (4)

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The supplied chunk performs remote installer execution rather than VBOUT operations. Nothing in the supplied code establishes that this installer is a supporting dependency for VBOUT functionality. The downloaded script is not provided, so its further behavior cannot be assessed.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Script Fetching

High
Category
Supply Chain
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The command pipes a mutable remote script directly into bash without a pinned version or independently verified integrity; the PowerShell alternative uses the same download-and-execute pattern. If the installer distribution is compromised, attacker-controlled code could run with the agent's local permissions and access available files or credentials. HTTPS and the setup-only condition reduce some exposure but do not prevent a compromised publisher or installer endpoint.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 62)May include surrounding context.

The setup workflow executes downloaded installer scripts without warning about remote code execution or system changes.

Medium
Category
Output Handling
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The missing-CLI fallback directs the agent to execute a remote installer without explaining its system effects or obtaining installation-specific approval. Although limited to a setup failure, this can turn a VBOUT data request into local software installation; the existing confirmation rules address VBOUT writes, not local system changes.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 83)May include surrounding context.

md
- **`OOMOL_INSUFFICIENT_CREDIT`** — OOMOL billing stop. Recharge at `https://console.oomol.com/billing/token-recharge` before retrying.

- **HTTP 402 without `OOMOL_INSUFFICIENT_CREDIT`** — the third-party account itself has no active plan or credit. Report the provider error message as is; do not ask the user to recharge OOMOL.

## Resources