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Security audit

KnowBe4

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The KnowBe4 reading workflow is coherent, but its setup fallback executes downloaded code without verification or a clear approval step.

Review and approve CLI installation separately, including its automatic agent-skill changes. Use a verified CLI version and a least-privilege KnowBe4 connection, and understand that OOMOL brokers access to the requested data. The remote installers and live connector were not verified; no malicious behavior was established in the supplied artifact.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Output HandlingUnvalidated Output Injection, Cross-Context Output, Unbounded Output
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (4)

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The supplied command performs remote installer execution, not a KnowBe4 search or read operation. Nothing in the supplied chunk establishes this installer as a necessary supporting dependency for the declared purpose. The downloaded script's contents are unavailable, so its further behavior cannot be determined.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Script Fetching

High
Category
Supply Chain
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

Piping an unpinned remote script directly into bash executes whatever the installation endpoint supplies, without independent integrity verification or review. Compromise of the endpoint or its delivery infrastructure could execute attacker-controlled code with the invoking user's permissions; HTTPS alone does not protect against a compromised publisher.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 59)May include surrounding context.

Fallback setup executes remote installation scripts without warning about system changes or third-party code execution.

Medium
Category
Output Handling
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The fallback directs an agent to execute remote shell or PowerShell installers without an explicit user-approval step or warning about arbitrary third-party code execution and system changes. A request to read KnowBe4 data does not inherently authorize software installation; the missing-CLI condition limits exposure but does not establish that authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 80)May include surrounding context.

md
- **`OOMOL_INSUFFICIENT_CREDIT`** — OOMOL billing stop. Recharge at `https://console.oomol.com/billing/token-recharge` before retrying.

- **HTTP 402 without `OOMOL_INSUFFICIENT_CREDIT`** — the third-party account itself has no active plan or credit. Report the provider error message as is; do not ask the user to recharge OOMOL.

## Resources