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Security audit

全场景开票

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This invoice automation skill is purpose-related, but it asks for API keys in chat, installs unverified remote executables, and handles sensitive invoice data in unsafe ways.

Review before installing. Do not paste an invoice API key into chat or pass it on a command line; use a managed secret store if available. Only run this in an isolated environment unless the publisher provides signed binaries, pinned checksums, HTTPS-only API endpoints, and clear controls for invoice preview, confirmation, credential storage, and key rotation.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
Findings (5)

T03 · Remote Payload Retrieval and Execution

Error
Location
invoice-issue-install.md:14
Finding

Unverified Remote Binary Download and Execution

Content
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" $binPath = "" Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $binUrl -OutFile $binPath -UseBasicParsing Write-Output "download complete" ``` ```powershell powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File "" ``` The installation table subsequently directs the Agent to download platform-specific executables from these external locations and execute them: ```text https://download.ningmengyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/bin/windows-amd64/invoice-assistant_windows_amd64-0.1.0.exe https://download.ningmengyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/bin/linux-amd64/invoice-assistant_linux_amd64-0.1.0 https://download.ningmengyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/bin/linux-arm64/invoice-assistant_linux_arm64-0.1.0 https://download.ningmengyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/bin/darwin-amd64/invoice-assistant_darwin_amd64-0.1.0 https://download.ningmengyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/bin/darwin-arm64/invoice-assistant_darwin_arm64-0.1.0 ``` ### Technical Analysis The Skill requires an Agent to retrieve an opaque native executable from an external server, place it in a trusted Skill directory, and execute it. It also requires consulting a mutable remote installation document before use. No SHA-256 digest, signed manifest, publisher signature, reproducible build reference, or other cryptographic integrity control is provided. Checking that the downloaded file exists and running it with `--help` do not establish authenticity. A malicious executable can perform arbitrary actions before producing expected help output. Use of `-ExecutionPolicy Bypass` further weakens local script-execution prot ...[truncated 1512 chars]
Remediation
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T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:12
Finding

Forced Agent Output and API-Key Solicitation

Content
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Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
runtime-config.json:2
Finding

Sensitive Invoice API Configured to Use Plaintext HTTP

Content
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Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
references/common/preflight-initialization-check.md:38
Finding

API Key Exposed Through Command-Line Arguments and Plain JSON Storage

Content
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Remediation
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T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:65
Finding

Mandatory Verbatim Rendering of Untrusted Binary-Generated Markdown

Content
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Remediation
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Vulnerability Patterns
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
Findings (133)

Missing User Warnings

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The README explicitly instructs users to copy an API Key and send it to the assistant, which encourages disclosure of a sensitive credential through conversational channels. Because this skill performs invoice-related operations tied to enterprise tax data and invoicing authority, compromise or mishandling of the key could enable unauthorized invoicing actions, access to protected business data, or abuse of the bound enterprise account.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 10)May include surrounding context.

md
gyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/invoice-issue-install.md`,并将远端文档中的 `version` 与当前 `SKILL.md` front matter 中的本地 version `0.1.0` 比较。若 version 不一致,先提醒用户是否需要更新 skill;如

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 14)May include surrounding context.

md
gyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/invoice-issue-install.md`,并将远端文档中的 `version` 与当前 `SKILL.md` front matter 中的本地 version `0.1.0` 比较。若 version 不一致,先提醒用户是否需要更新 skill;如

Ae1

High
Category
analysis-evasion
Confidence
100% confidence
Finding

Referenced artifact was not completely inspected

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 25)May include surrounding context.

md
gyun.com/Skills/invoice-issue/invoice-issue-install.md`,并将远端文档中的 `version` 与当前 `SKILL.md` front matter 中的本地 version `0.1.0` 比较。若 version 不一致,先提醒用户是否需要更新 skill;如

Missing User Warnings

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The PowerShell workflow writes a temporary script, then runs it with ExecutionPolicy Bypass, specifically weakening a platform safeguard around script execution. Combined with remote download behavior, this materially increases the chance of unauthorized code retrieval or execution if the URL, document source, or local environment is compromised.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · assets/issue/invoice_preview.html (reported line 299)May include surrounding context.

html
</style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- 所有发票将被渲染到这个容器中 -->
    <div id="invoice-app"></div>

    <script>

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The document mandates writing and executing a PowerShell script to fetch resources and then running a downloaded platform binary. That creates a direct local code execution path from remote content, which is disproportionate for an invoice-handling skill and could be abused for arbitrary command execution if the host, file, or instructions are tampered with.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

The file begins with a hidden BOM/non-printing character, which can conceal content differences from reviewers and interfere with parsers, linters, or exact-match logic. In a rule file that depends heavily on exact text handling, hidden characters increase the risk of review bypasses and subtle misexecution.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/common/handle-response-exception.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:handle-response-exception(处理接口响应异常)

## 模板用途

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

This referenced skill adds enterprise profiling and risk-analysis enrichment to an invoice-issuance skill, which expands the manifest scope beyond what users would reasonably expect for invoice handling. Scope expansion is dangerous because it can trigger unnecessary collection and lookup of enterprise data, including internal-source and public-network searches, without a clear least-privilege justification tied to the requested invoice action.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/common/code-mappings.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/common/query-enterprise-profile-by-uscc.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/invoice-issue/batch-invoice-info-check.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/invoice-issue/invoice-issue-auth-extend.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/invoice-issue/invoice-issue.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Hidden Instructions

High
Category
Prompt Injection
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Hidden instructions were detected in comments or invisible text. These could contain malicious directives. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/invoice-issue/issue.md (reported line 1)May include surrounding context.

md
# 场景:invoice-issue-issue(发票开具接口)

## 模板用途

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The skill advertises automated invoice issuance, batch invoicing, and automatic delivery without warning users that these are business-significant and potentially irreversible actions affecting tax records, customers, and financial compliance. In this context, lack of confirmation and risk disclosure can lead to accidental or unauthorized invoice creation at scale, especially when coupled with delegated permissions and enterprise tax information.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The skill requires retrieving and trusting a remote installation/update document before execution, but provides no user-facing consent, origin verification, integrity check, or pinning. This creates a supply-chain risk: a compromised remote document could alter behavior, direct downloads, or introduce unsafe steps that the agent would treat as mandatory.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Ssd 3

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

Mandating verbatim disclosure of local README.md and generated Markdown without allowing redaction can force the agent to reveal sensitive local instructions, secrets, environment details, or operational data. Because the content source is local and potentially dynamic, the rule removes normal minimization and secret-filtering safeguards.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The skill instructs downloading external binaries/ZIPs and saving them to local executable paths without explicit consent, authenticity verification, or integrity validation. In a skill that later executes those binaries, this is a direct software supply-chain and local code execution risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Ssd 3

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The repeated requirement to display command-generated Markdown exactly as produced prevents sanitization of runtime output. If the binary emits sensitive configuration, identifiers, filesystem details, or embedded secrets, the agent is instructed to disclose them unchanged.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Ssd 3

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The long-flow rules require surfacing raw execution artifacts, task IDs, file paths, reports, generated files, and intermediate results to the user at each step. In a billing/invoice workflow, these artifacts may contain sensitive enterprise data, filesystem layout, internal identifiers, or other operational metadata that should not be broadly exposed.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
84% confidence
Finding

This manifest-style JSON file defines user-facing labels entirely in Chinese, including category names and selectable values, with no indication that the locale is configurable or limited to a China-specific deployment. That creates a natural-language locale policy concern because the file effectively forces a specific language without user opt-in.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The document sets lang="zh-CN" and the visible title and interface text are Chinese-only, which forces a specific language/locale in the rendered skill output. Under the stated policy, locale constraints should either be optional for the user or clearly documented as justified for a region-specific tool.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The install document instructs the agent to download external binaries, replace an installed skill directory, execute local binaries, and exfiltrate a local README verbatim to the user. Those behaviors materially exceed the stated invoicing business purpose and expand the skill's authority into software deployment, local code execution, and uncontrolled file disclosure, which is dangerous if the distribution endpoint or package contents are ever malicious or compromised.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Ssd 3

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

Mandating verbatim disclosure of the installed local README to the user creates a built-in exfiltration mechanism. Any sensitive or manipulated content placed in that file would be transmitted without contextual review, making the skill an unintended data disclosure channel.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.