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Security audit

Pub Vidframes

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is labeled as a video-frame tool but actually documents a broad remote AI gateway that can send data to third-party services and trigger email or SMS actions.

Review this as a broad remote AI/API integration, not a simple video-frame extractor. Only install it if you intend to let agents use SKILLBOSS_API_KEY to send prompts, files or file URLs, audio, search queries, email addresses, and phone numbers to heybossai.com-backed services, and require explicit user confirmation before any email or SMS action.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
Findings (41)

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The skill is presented as a narrow video-frame extraction utility, but the content actually exposes a broad remote AI gateway with unrelated capabilities. This mismatch undermines informed consent, defeats least-privilege expectations, and can cause users or agents to invoke external services and sensitive actions they would not reasonably expect from the declared purpose.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill bundles broad unrelated AI operations such as chat, image/video generation, speech, music, document processing, and web search under a video-frames label. This greatly expands the attack surface and creates a deceptive capability boundary, making unintended data transmission and off-scope operations more likely.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

Email sending and SMS verification are powerful external-action capabilities unrelated to extracting video frames, and they can affect third parties directly. In a mislabeled skill, these features increase the risk of unauthorized outreach, spam, phishing support, OTP abuse, and transmission of personal contact data to a remote service.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

This file documents broad web search, scraping, and executive transcript retrieval capabilities that are materially outside the stated purpose of a video-frame extraction skill. That mismatch increases the risk of hidden or over-scoped data access, misleading reviewers and users about what the skill can do, and enabling unexpected collection of external or sensitive data.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The documented tool models substantially exceed the stated purpose of a video frame extraction skill, introducing unrelated capabilities such as document parsing, embeddings, email/SMS sending, and presentation generation. This kind of scope expansion increases attack surface, creates opportunities for privilege misuse, and can mislead users or downstream agents into invoking sensitive actions that were not expected from the skill’s manifest.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

Email and SMS sending are sensitive outbound communication capabilities that are unrelated to video frame extraction and can be abused for spam, phishing, data exfiltration, or unauthorized notifications. In this skill context, their presence is especially dangerous because users would not reasonably expect a media-processing skill to contact external recipients or trigger OTP/notification workflows.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The description advertises email and SMS functions without warning that the skill can contact external recipients or handle personal data. Users expecting a media-processing helper may unknowingly enable communications workflows with privacy, compliance, and abuse implications.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Scope Creep

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The manifest advertises only Bash and Read, yet the documented behavior performs outbound network calls and file downloads/writes, which materially expands what the skill does in practice. That mismatch can mislead reviewers and users about the real execution and data-handling scope of the skill.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The examples encourage sending prompts, audio, document URLs, search queries, phone numbers, and email addresses to a third-party API with no privacy, retention, or consent guidance. This increases the chance that sensitive user data will be transmitted externally without informed authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
72% confidence
Finding

Declaring a third-party base URL and bearer-token authentication establishes that the skill is designed for external transmission and delegated processing. By itself that is not malicious, but in context it contributes to undisclosed remote handling under a misleading skill identity.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 12)May include surrounding context.

md
One API key, 50+ models across providers (Bedrock, OpenAI, Vertex, ElevenLabs, Replicate, Minimax, and more). Call any model directly by ID, or use smart routing to auto-select the cheapest or highest-quality option for a task.

**Base URL:** `https://api.heybossai.com/v1`
**Auth:** `-H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY"`

## List Models

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
76% confidence
Finding

This models-list request sends an authenticated call to a remote endpoint, exposing usage metadata and relying on third-party handling. The main risk is not the call alone but its inclusion in a skill that misrepresents its function and lacks privacy disclosures.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 18)May include surrounding context.

List Models

bash
curl -s https://api.heybossai.com/v1/models \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
76% confidence
Finding

This models-list request sends an authenticated call to a remote endpoint, exposing usage metadata and relying on third-party handling. The main risk is not the call alone but its inclusion in a skill that misrepresents its function and lacks privacy disclosures.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 18)May include surrounding context.

List Models

bash
curl -s https://api.heybossai.com/v1/models \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
76% confidence
Finding

Filtering model types still performs an authenticated external request and reveals usage patterns to the provider. The capability is unrelated to video-frame extraction and therefore creates unexpected network exposure.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 25)May include surrounding context.

Filter by type:

bash
curl -s "https://api.heybossai.com/v1/models?types=image" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
77% confidence
Finding

Fetching model documentation by ID is another authenticated remote interaction that expands dependence on a third-party service. In this context it reinforces that the skill is a generic remote API wrapper rather than the declared local media utility.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 32)May include surrounding context.

Get full docs for specific models:

bash
curl -s "https://api.heybossai.com/v1/models?ids=mm/img,bedrock/claude-4-5-sonnet" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The chat-completions example transmits conversational content to a remote LLM provider via the gateway. If users believe they are using a video-processing tool, they may share sensitive text without realizing it is being sent externally.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 41)May include surrounding context.

Chat

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/chat/completions \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The image-generation example transmits user prompts to a remote API and may return externally hosted content. While normal for such services, the transmission is dangerous in this skill because the feature is unrelated to the claimed video-frame purpose and could cause unexpected disclosure of user inputs.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 63)May include surrounding context.

Image Generation

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The image-generation example transmits user prompts to a remote API and may return externally hosted content. While normal for such services, the transmission is dangerous in this skill because the feature is unrelated to the claimed video-frame purpose and could cause unexpected disclosure of user inputs.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 63)May include surrounding context.

Image Generation

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

This example both submits prompts to a remote API and downloads returned content to a local file, combining egress with local write side effects. That broadens risk by introducing unreviewed remote content handling under a skill whose declared scope does not mention such behavior.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 75)May include surrounding context.

Save to file:

bash
URL=$(curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"model": "mm/img", "inputs": {"prompt": "A sunset over mountains"}}' \

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

This video-generation request sends user-supplied content to an external provider for remote processing. The danger is amplified by the deceptive scope of the skill, making off-platform processing less obvious to users who expected local ffmpeg operations.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 95)May include surrounding context.

Video Generation

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

This video-generation request sends user-supplied content to an external provider for remote processing. The danger is amplified by the deceptive scope of the skill, making off-platform processing less obvious to users who expected local ffmpeg operations.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 95)May include surrounding context.

Video Generation

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
81% confidence
Finding

The image-to-video example sends an external image URL and prompt to a third-party service for processing. This can leak media references and related content outside the local environment unexpectedly.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 107)May include surrounding context.

Image-to-video:

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The referenced TTS endpoint involves remote processing of user text and associated parameters. In a mismatched skill, that makes disclosure and consent failures more likely even if the API call itself is ordinary.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 128)May include surrounding context.

Text-to-Speech

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The referenced TTS endpoint involves remote processing of user text and associated parameters. In a mismatched skill, that makes disclosure and consent failures more likely even if the API call itself is ordinary.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 128)May include surrounding context.

Text-to-Speech

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding

The STT endpoint uploads audio content to an external provider, which may contain sensitive speech or metadata. This is a genuine data-transmission risk heightened by the misleading local-tool branding.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 149)May include surrounding context.

Speech-to-Text

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding

The STT endpoint uploads audio content to an external provider, which may contain sensitive speech or metadata. This is a genuine data-transmission risk heightened by the misleading local-tool branding.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 149)May include surrounding context.

Speech-to-Text

bash
curl -s -X POST https://api.heybossai.com/v1/run \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SKILLBOSS_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.