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Security audit

upload-file

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill is purpose-aligned, but it can send local files to arbitrary web pages without built-in confirmation or destination limits.

Review before installing. Use this only when the agent will be given an explicit destination page and exact file path, and require confirmation before any upload. Avoid using it for secrets, credentials, private documents, or untrusted sites unless you add allowlists and sensitive-file checks.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • Behavioral ASTexec() Call, eval() Call, Dynamic Import
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
Findings (8)

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The skill invokes shell-capable commands such as agent-browser ... and python scripts/upload_file.py but does not declare any permissions or allowed-tools scope. That omission weakens policy enforcement and makes it easier for the skill to be executed with broader-than-intended capabilities, especially because it handles local file paths and browser-driven data transfer.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The metadata says the skill 'MUST be used for any browser file upload task,' which is an overly broad activation condition with no exclusions for sensitive environments, untrusted sites, or high-risk file types. Because the skill automates local-file transfer to arbitrary web pages, broad triggering increases the chance of unintended or unsafe use in contexts where explicit user confirmation and policy checks are necessary.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The skill's purpose is to upload local files to web pages, yet it provides no privacy, consent, or data-handling warning. In this context, that is dangerous because uploads are irreversible data transfers to potentially untrusted destinations, and the skill even emphasizes reliability and mandatory execution, which could normalize exfiltration of sensitive local files without adequate user awareness.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

subprocess module call

Medium
Category
Dangerous Code Execution
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

subprocess module calls execute external commands. Without careful input validation, this enables command injection.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/upload.py (reported line 28)May include surrounding context.

python
"""
    for i in range(retry):
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                cmd,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,

subprocess module call

Medium
Category
Dangerous Code Execution
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

subprocess module calls execute external commands. Without careful input validation, this enables command injection.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/upload.py (reported line 42)May include surrounding context.

python
print(result.stderr)

            if wait_ms > 0:
                subprocess.run(["agent-browser", "wait", str(wait_ms)])

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[Exception] {e}")

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The script uploads a local file path to an arbitrary user-supplied URL with no origin allowlist, trust check, or user confirmation. In an agent setting, this can exfiltrate sensitive local or workspace files to attacker-controlled sites if the URL or file path is influenced by untrusted input.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
79% confidence
Finding

The skill's stated purpose is browser-based file upload automation, but resolve_path reads OPENCLAW_WORKSPACE from the environment to rewrite input paths. Accessing environment configuration is not obviously required by the manifest description, which only mentions upload protocol and path normalization, and introduces a capability beyond direct browser automation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
77% confidence
Finding

The trigger strategy includes hard-coded Chinese UI labels such as "选择文件" and "上传" alongside English labels, but there is no documented language selection or locale handling policy. This can indicate implicit locale assumptions in the skill's natural-language behavior without explicit user opt-in.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.