T08 · Insecure Dependencies
- Location
requirements.txt:1- Finding
Unbounded Third-Party Dependency Versions
- Content
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Vulnerability Details
File Location:
requirements.txt:1-2
Vulnerability Type: Supply-chain exposure through non-reproducible dependency resolution
Risk Level: Mediumtext requests>=2.28.0 beautifulsoup4>=4.11.0Technical Analysis
Both dependencies use lower-bound-only version constraints. Consequently,
pip install -r requirements.txtmay install any future release accepted by the configured package index, rather than an exact version reviewed with this Skill. Transitive dependencies are likewise not locked or verified with cryptographic hashes.This is not evidence that
requestsorbeautifulsoup4is currently malicious. The weakness is that installation is not reproducible and implicitly trusts future package releases and the configured package source. A compromised package release, package-index account, mirror, or dependency could introduce attacker-controlled installation or runtime behavior without any change to this repository.Attack Path
- An attacker compromises a permitted future release, a transitive dependency, a package publisher account, or the package index/mirror used by the victim.
- The victim follows the documented installation process and runs
pip install -r requirements.txt. - Because no exact versions or hashes are enforced,
pipresolves and installs the compromised package artifact. - Malicious package installation hooks or imported runtime code execute with the privileges of the user or environment performing the installation.
- Depending on those privileges, the compromised dependency could access application data, environment variables, network resources, and files available to that account.
Impact Assessment
Successful exploitation could execute arbitrary code within the Python installation or Skill runtime context. The obtainable privileges are limited to those of the user, container, virtual environment, or automation account that ins ...[truncated 500 chars]
- Remediation
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Remediation Suggestions
- Pin every direct dependency to an exact, reviewed version rather than using lower-bound-only constraints.
- Generate a lock file that includes all transitive dependencies, using a tool such as
pip-tools, Poetry, or an equivalent reproducible dependency manager. - Record cryptographic hashes for approved distributions and install with:
bash pip install --require-hashes -r requirements.txt - Prefer a controlled package index or trusted internal mirror, and explicitly configure the permitted index source in deployment environments.
- Add automated dependency vulnerability and provenance scanning to the release process.
- Review and intentionally update locked dependencies on a controlled schedule, testing the parser and network-fetch workflow before publishing each update.
- Install and run the Skill in a least-privileged virtual environment or container without unnecessary credentials, sensitive mounts, or host filesystem access.