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Security audit

Openclaw Skill

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill openly uses Shelv's remote API to upload selected PDFs and download Markdown results, with privacy and overwrite risks but no hidden or deceptive behavior found.

Install only if you are comfortable sending selected PDFs to Shelv's remote service with your Shelv API key. Avoid uploading confidential or regulated documents unless your organization approves that processing, and review shelf IDs carefully before any delete, approve, regenerate, or --force hydrate operation.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Tool MisuseTool Parameter Abuse, Chaining Abuse, Unsafe Defaults
  • Rogue AgentSelf-Modification, Session Persistence
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
Findings (25)

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The upload workflow sends local PDFs to an external service and creates a remote resource, but the declared purpose suggests local conversion and workspace hydration. In the context of potentially sensitive contracts, books, or research papers, this is dangerous because users may unintentionally disclose confidential data to a third party.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The upload workflow sends local PDFs to an external service and creates a remote resource, but the declared purpose suggests local conversion and workspace hydration. In the context of potentially sensitive contracts, books, or research papers, this is dangerous because users may unintentionally disclose confidential data to a third party.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The upload workflow sends local PDFs to an external service and creates a remote resource, but the declared purpose suggests local conversion and workspace hydration. In the context of potentially sensitive contracts, books, or research papers, this is dangerous because users may unintentionally disclose confidential data to a third party.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tool Parameter Abuse

High
Category
Tool Misuse
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The documented DELETE /v1/shelves/{shelfPublicId} endpoint enables permanent removal of user resources, and in an agent-integrated environment this is a classic tool-parameter abuse surface: if an LLM is induced to supply or substitute a shelf ID, it could delete the wrong resource. The danger is amplified because the API reference presents the operation tersely, without guardrails like confirmation requirements, ownership checks in the client flow, or examples emphasizing safe handling.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/api-reference.md (reported line 80)May include surrounding context.

Delete a shelf

text
DELETE /v1/shelves/{shelfPublicId}

Response (200):

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

This script uploads arbitrary local PDF contents to an external service at api.shelv.dev, which directly contradicts the stated local filesystem-conversion purpose and creates a meaningful data exfiltration path. In an agent skill context, this is more dangerous because users may invoke the tool on confidential workspace documents expecting only local processing, while the entire file is transmitted off-host.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The README instructs users to upload arbitrary PDFs to an external third-party service but does not clearly warn that document contents will leave the local environment and be processed remotely. Because PDFs commonly contain contracts, research, or regulated/sensitive data, this omission can cause accidental disclosure by users who assume the operation is local.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Session Persistence

Medium
Category
Rogue Agent
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Skill establishes unauthorized persistence across sessions via cron jobs, startup scripts, or state files. Session persistence allows an attacker to maintain access beyond the current interaction.

Content

Scanner excerpt · README.md (reported line 11)May include surrounding context.

md
## Setup

1. Create a Shelv account at [shelv.dev](https://shelv.dev)
2. Generate an API key at **Settings > API Keys**
3. Set the `SHELV_API_KEY` environment variable before running any commands:

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The skill declares shell-capable behavior but does not specify an explicit tool scope such as allowed tools or permissions. That increases the chance the agent can invoke shell operations beyond what users expect, especially because the documented workflows include network access, file writes, extraction, and overwrite behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The documentation describes uploading PDFs and hydrating results locally without clearly warning that document contents leave the system and are later written as files into the workspace. For a skill handling potentially sensitive documents, omission of this warning creates a meaningful risk of unintended disclosure and local persistence.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This endpoint uploads a local PDF to an external service using bearer-token authentication. Because the skill is specifically used for contracts, books, research papers, and regulations, the transmitted content may be sensitive, making external transmission a real security and privacy concern.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 55)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative (without the script):

bash
curl -X POST "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" \
  -F "file=@document.pdf" \
  -F "name=My Document"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
50% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 93)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative:

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.status'

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
50% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 133)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative:

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.status'

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
50% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 219)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative:

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.status'

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
50% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 226)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative:

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.status'

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
50% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 233)May include surrounding context.

Inline alternative:

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.status'

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The force-overwrite mode allows replacement of an existing local shelf directory, but the docs do not emphasize the risk of destroying or replacing previously hydrated data. In a workspace-oriented skill, overwrite behavior can lead to accidental data loss or masking of trusted content with newly downloaded remote content.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

Fetching the tree exposes a full path map of the processed document content from the external service, which may reveal sensitive structure or subject matter even without downloading the archive. In this skill context, remote retrieval of document-derived data is security-relevant and should be treated as a disclosure surface.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 140)May include surrounding context.

Get the file tree (flat JSON map of path → content):

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID/tree" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY" | jq '.files | keys[]'

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

Reading an individual file retrieves processed document content from the third-party service over the network. This is expected functionality, but it still constitutes external handling of potentially sensitive document contents and should be clearly disclosed.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 163)May include surrounding context.

Read a single file by path (useful for targeted lookups without downloading the full archive):

bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID/files/README.md" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

This is another direct remote file-content retrieval path, and the same confidentiality concerns apply because the content originates from user documents processed by a third party. The risk is heightened by the skill’s framing as local exploration, which may understate the remote nature of access.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 168)May include surrounding context.

text

```bash
curl -s "https://api.shelv.dev/v1/shelves/$SHELF_ID/files/clauses/force-majeure.md" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $SHELV_API_KEY"

Session Persistence

Medium
Category
Rogue Agent
Confidence
87% confidence
Finding

Hydrated shelves are persisted under the user workspace, meaning document-derived content remains on disk across the session. In combination with remote processing and force-overwrite support, this can create an unexpected local data retention risk for sensitive document contents.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 184)May include surrounding context.

md
The `{name}` is derived from the shelf's display name (lowercased, spaces and special characters replaced with hyphens). Override with `--name` when hydrating.

If a directory already exists at the target path, the script will refuse to overwrite it unless `--force` is passed.

After hydration, use standard Unix tools to explore:

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The API reference documents destructive and state-changing operations such as deleting a shelf and approving or modifying shelf contents, but it does not include explicit warnings, confirmation guidance, or safety notes about irreversible effects. In an agent skill context, this increases the chance that an LLM-driven tool invocation could perform unintended destructive actions on user data without clear user awareness.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

This is a markdown file, so SQP-2 applies to missing warnings in the skill description. Line L061 states that approval can apply file operations such as rename, delete, mkdir, and write, but the document does not explicitly warn users that approval may modify or delete files and affect stored data.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
82% confidence
Finding

This code performs a destructive operation by recursively removing the existing workspace directory when --force is supplied. Although there is a warning message, there is no confirmation prompt, and the usage text does not clearly emphasize the irreversible deletion behavior of --force.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill metadata promises local workspace hydration and exploration with standard Unix tools, but this script is explicitly designed to send the user’s PDF to a remote Shelv API service. That mismatch is security-relevant because users may provide sensitive local documents under the assumption that processing is local, leading to unintended external disclosure.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

The script’s output and usage messaging describe an upload operation, but they do not provide a prominent security warning that a local document and bearer-authenticated request are being sent to an external service. While the API key is placed in an Authorization header rather than printed, the lack of explicit warning can still mislead users about the privacy and trust implications of running the skill.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.