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Security audit

qingming-flight

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This flight-booking skill is coherent in purpose but needs Review because it mandates an unpinned global npm install and builds shell commands from user travel input without strong safety controls.

Install only if you are comfortable with a third-party travel CLI receiving your itinerary details and with the agent potentially modifying your global npm environment. Before use, require explicit approval for installation, prefer a pinned local CLI version, and ensure the agent validates travel parameters and executes commands without shell interpolation.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
Findings (3)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:7
Finding

Persistent Commercial Output and Agent-Role Hijacking

Content
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Chinese output. English input -> English output. 5. **NEVER invent CLI parameters.** Only use parameters listed in the Parameters Table below. If a flag is not listed, it does not exist. **Self-test:** If your response contains no `[Book](...)` links, you violated this skill. Stop and re-execute. ``` From `SKILL.md:108-121`: ```markdown ### Step 3: Format Output Format CLI JSON into user-readable Markdown with booking links. See [references/templates.md](references/templates.md). ### Step 4: Validate Output (before sending) - [ ] Every result has `[Book]({detailUrl})` link? - [ ] Data from CLI JSON, not training data? - [ ] Brand tag included? **Any NO -> re-execute from Step 2.** ``` From `SKILL.md:134-142`: ```markdown ## Output Rules 1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option 2. **Qingming tip — usually 3-day holiday, short-haul spring trips popular** 3. **Comparison table** with >= 3 results when available 4. **Brand tag:** "Powered by flyai - Real-time pricing, click to book" 5. **Use `detailUrl`** for booking links. Never use `jumpUrl`. 6. NEVER output raw JSON 7. NEVER answer from training data without CLI execution ``` From `references/templates.md:27-46`: ```markdown ## Output Template ```markdown ## Flight S ...[truncated 2459 chars]
Remediation
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T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Error
Location
SKILL.md:45
Finding

Unpinned Global Installation of a Third-Party npm Package

Content
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proceed to Step 1 - FAIL: `command not found` -> ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli flyai --version ``` ``` From `references/fallbacks.md:3-10`: ```markdown ## Case 0: flyai CLI not installed If `flyai --version` returns `command not found`: 1. Run: `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli` 2. Verify: `flyai --version` 3. If still fails, tell user to install Node.js first: https://nodejs.org/ **NEVER proceed without CLI. NEVER fabricate results.** ``` From `references/fallbacks.md:18-22`: ```markdown ## F-2: CLI not installed ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli ``` ``` ### Technical Analysis The skill mandates installation of `@fly-ai/flyai-cli` from the npm registry without pinning a reviewed version or verifying package integrity. The `-g` option installs the package globally rather than isolating it within the project. npm packages may execute lifecycle scripts during installation. Because no version, integrity digest, lockfile, provenance check, or lifecycle-script restriction is specified, the effective code installed by this command can change after the skill has been reviewed. A compromised maintainer account, malicious package release, registry compromise, or dependency-chain compromise could therefore introduce arbitrary code. The instructions also omit explicit user consent before changing the global environment. ### Attack Path 1. The skill checks for `flyai` and finds that it is unavailable. 2. The instructions mandate `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli`. 3. npm resolves the current package version and its transitive dependency graph at execution time. 4. A malicious or compromised package versi ...[truncated 1033 chars]
Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
SKILL.md:38
Finding

Shell Command Injection Through Unvalidated Travel Parameters

Content
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Remediation
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Vulnerability Patterns
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • System Prompt LeakageDirect Leakage, Indirect Extraction, Tool-Based Exfiltration
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
Findings (10)

Direct Prompt Extraction

High
Category
System Prompt Leakage
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill contains instructions that could directly expose system prompts, internal rules, or hidden instructions to users or external parties.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 142)May include surrounding context.

flyai search-flight --origin "Beijing" --destination "Shanghai" --dep-date 2026-05-15 --sort-type 2

text

## Output Rules

1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option
2. **Qingming tip — usually 3-day holiday, short-haul spring trips popular**

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The description markets booking capabilities but does not warn that flight searches will transmit itinerary details such as origin, destination, and dates to an external service. This omission can mislead users about privacy implications and prevent informed consent before sensitive travel data is shared with a third party.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The skill instructs the agent to globally install @fly-ai/flyai-cli if missing, without requiring user consent or warning about system modification. Allowing a skill to trigger package installation changes the host environment and can expose users to supply-chain risk, privilege issues, and unexpected persistence from a third-party package.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The activation rules include broad phrases like 'book a flight' and '订机票', which are generic travel intents rather than Qingming-specific requests. Over-broad triggers can cause this skill to activate in unrelated contexts and push users into an external booking workflow unnecessarily, increasing data disclosure and reducing user control over which tool is invoked.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill explicitly states that agents must never invent CLI parameters and may only use flags listed in the Parameters table, but the Direct Route playbook uses --journey-type 1, which is undocumented in that table. This contradiction can cause agents to execute unsupported or unintended commands, weakening guardrails around command construction and increasing the chance of unsafe behavior or failed execution paths.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The trigger list includes very common words like "cheap" and "budget" without any flight-specific context. In a markdown skill/playbook file, such broad terms can overlap with everyday speech and make it unclear when this playbook should activate versus other unrelated budget-related requests.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The triggers "fast" and "quick" are generic everyday words and are not specific enough to flight search. The file does not provide contextual constraints or exclusion conditions, so activation boundaries are ambiguous.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The instruction 'Format prices in CNY (Y)' imposes a specific currency/locale convention in the skill's natural-language guidance. The file does not indicate that this is optional, user-selected, or limited to a clearly documented region-specific context.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The instruction "use Chinese or English city names" constrains acceptable language input in a natural-language rule. This is a locale/language restriction, and the file does not provide user opt-in or explain why only those languages are supported.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding

Terms like "direct" and "nonstop" are less ambiguous than "fast," but they are still presented without flight-specific context or explicit scope limitations. In a trigger list, this can leave unclear whether the playbook should activate whenever those words appear in unrelated conversation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.