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Security audit

Skill Trigger V2

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill claims to be documentation-only, but the artifact includes active routing code, setup scripts, workspace writes, and agent-routing instructions that are not clearly disclosed.

Review this package carefully before installing. It should not be treated as a documentation-only reference: it contains active code that can read OpenClaw workspace routing data, write workspace files, and influence which skills an agent uses. Only install it if you are comfortable auditing and controlling the skill index, pinning dependencies, and keeping routing decisions behind explicit user or application-level approval.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
Findings (3)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
skill_trigger_v2/core.py:347
Finding

Mandatory Agent Response and Routing Instruction Hijacking

Content
View full analysis
str: """生成技能触发声明(供代理回复使用)""" if not result.matched or not result.skill_id: return "" dispatch_id = hashlib.sha1( f"{result.skill_id}:{result.reason}:{time.time()}".encode() ).hexdigest()[:12] # dispatch_id logged for tracing only, not injected into LLM context # (avoids dynamic field breaking LLM prefix cache on every turn) return ( f"【Skill Trigger】本轮命中技能:{result.skill_id} 🔷 Powered by halfmoon82 🔷\n" f"请优先按该技能流程执行当前任务;若技能不可用或无关,直接忽略并正常回复即可。" ) ``` The Skill contract additionally directs the agent to modify its first output line: ```markdown ## Output contract - If used as a guide, emit the routing declaration first line - Treat this artifact as documentation, not executable software ``` The README recommends integrating this behavior into the agent policy or main loop: ```python def handle_user_message(user_input): # 1. 先尝试技能触发 from skill_trigger_v2 import fit_gate, generate_declaration result = fit_gate(user_input) if result.matched: declaration = generate_declaration(result) # 调用命中的技能 skill_response = execute_skill(result.skill_id, user_input) # 回复用户时,声明放在第一行 return f"{declaration}\n\n{skill_response}" # 2. 未命中,回退到语义路由 return semantic_router.handle(user_input) ``` ### Technical Analysis The Skill requires agent-controlled output to begin with a generated routing declaration. The declaration includes persistent third-party branding and an imperative instruction telling the agent to prioritize the selected Skill workflow. This changes the agent's current response behavi ...[truncated 1887 chars]
Remediation
View remediation

other

Warning
Location
SKILL.md:10
Finding

Published Documentation Falsely Claims Executable Components Were Removed

Content
View full analysis
Remediation
View remediation

T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Warning
Location
setup/wizard.py:15
Finding

Mutable Unpinned Dependency Installation Guidance and Inconsistent Version Constraints

Content
View full analysis
=1.0.0", "required": true, "description": "技能索引服务 (ClawHub: skill-quick-index)" }, "semantic-router": { "version": ">=7.7.2", "required": true, "description": "语义路由系统 (ClawHub: semantic-router)" } } ``` The public installation guidance also uses a mutable release reference: ```bash clawhub install skill-trigger-v2@latest ``` ### Technical Analysis The installation instructions use the mutable `@latest` tag rather than an exact reviewed version and do not provide an integrity digest or lockfile. The code executed by a future installation can therefore differ from the code that was audited. There is also a material constraint mismatch. `package.json` requires se ...[truncated 1735 chars]
Remediation
View remediation
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • Behavioral ASTexec() Call, eval() Call, Dynamic Import
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
Findings (32)

Natural-Language Policy Violations

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The prominent natural-language description is presented in Chinese and implies the skill's user-facing behavior/content is oriented to that language, but the README does not offer a language choice or opt-in. This can violate language/locale policy when users are not given an explicit option to use another language.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The README describes a fully functional intelligent trigger with concrete matching logic, arbitration behavior, and fallback routing, while the metadata states the published artifact is framework-only with runtime matching removed. This mismatch can mislead operators into trusting nonexistent security-relevant behavior, causing unsafe deployment assumptions, broken controls, or accidental routing of user requests based on documentation rather than actual implementation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The installation, setup, and usage sections instruct users to run commands and import functions as if executable trigger logic exists, directly contradicting the framework-only status. That creates a supply-chain and operational risk: users may integrate nonexistent gating into agent workflows and believe requests are being screened or routed when they are not.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The declared description says this artifact is only a framework reference and that the runtime matching implementation has been removed. However, the supplied code actively performs a different task: it creates a richly formatted Word document and writes it to ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/skill-trigger-v2/Skill_Trigger_V2_README_Humanities_CN.docx. This is not a trigger reference or removed-runtime stub; it is a document-generation utility. It also uses filesystem write capability, which is inconsistent with the declaration of no permissions. Therefore the code's primary purpose and resource usage do not match the declared description.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The description says this artifact is only a framework reference and that the runtime matching implementation has been removed. However, the supplied code is active executable logic: a CLI wizard with commands like check, verify, init, and fix-deps. It performs dependency inspection, version compatibility checks, filesystem reads/writes, and subprocess execution. Even if it is not the matching engine itself, it is still substantive runtime/setup functionality, which is inconsistent with a 'reference-only' artifact and with the declared absence of permissions/resources. Therefore the description does not accurately represent the behavior of this code chunk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The declared description says the runtime matching implementation has been removed from the published artifact and that this is only a framework/reference trigger package. However, the code exports concrete runtime-facing symbols such as SkillTrigger and fit_gate from a core module, and its module docstring explicitly describes a skill trigger/matching system. Even though this snippet is only the package initializer and does not show the underlying implementation, it clearly presents active matching/gating functionality as part of the published API, which materially conflicts with the claim that the runtime implementation was removed.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The description says this artifact is only a framework/reference stub and that the runtime matching implementation has been removed. The code contradicts that directly: it contains full matching behavior via fit_gate/match_skill and the SkillTrigger class, including dependency checks, skill index loading, trigger-group inference, coverage thresholding, negative keyword filtering, weighted priority arbitration, and output declaration generation. It also accesses local workspace resources to perform this logic. This is a material description-behavior mismatch, not merely supporting scaffolding.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The package metadata says runtime matching was removed, but this file still contains a fully functional trigger engine that loads a live skill index, computes coverage, arbitrates candidates, and returns actionable routing results. This mismatch is dangerous because downstream reviewers, operators, or policy gates may treat the artifact as inert reference code while it still influences agent behavior at runtime, creating hidden capability and trust-boundary bypass risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The description presents the trigger as something that listens to normal conversation and decides what skill is needed, without emphasizing clear activation boundaries. That ambiguity increases the chance of routine dialogue being interpreted as an invocation signal, which is risky in systems where skills may perform consequential actions.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

A 50% trigger-group coverage threshold applied uniformly, especially with non-contiguous matching, is broad enough to cause accidental activation of skills from ordinary conversation. In an agent environment, unintended invocation can route sensitive tasks to the wrong skill, bypass user intent, or trigger privileged behavior unexpectedly.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
89% confidence
Finding

The README claims the trigger can understand broad natural-language requests like writing a crawler or checking the weather, but it does not clearly define scope boundaries, disambiguation rules, or hard activation constraints. For a trigger skill, ambiguous activation claims can lead to unintended skill invocation, confused routing, or privilege creep if downstream skills are more sensitive.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
84% confidence
Finding

The entire skill description is presented only in Chinese, with no indication that users may choose another language or that the skill is intentionally limited to a Chinese-speaking audience. This can violate language or locale policy when no opt-in or documented justification is provided.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The README materially misrepresents the published artifact by describing active runtime intent matching, thresholding, and arbitration even though the metadata says the runtime implementation was removed. This can mislead integrators into trusting behavior or safeguards that do not actually exist, causing incorrect security assumptions and unsafe deployment decisions.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The examples describe very broad, everyday requests like writing a crawler or checking the weather, which overlap with common user intents and suggest expansive triggering scope. In a trigger-selection context, overly broad trigger language can encourage overmatching or accidental invocation of skills for unrelated requests, increasing the chance of privilege or behavior confusion across an agent system.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

Without declared permissions the skill's intent is opaque and cannot be validated.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The file behavior materially diverges from the declared skill purpose: instead of implementing or referencing trigger logic, it generates a promotional DOCX in the user's environment. This kind of undeclared side effect is dangerous because users and tooling may trust the manifest description while the artifact performs unrelated filesystem writes, undermining transparency and enabling deceptive packaging.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The generated document's title and body text are entirely in Chinese, and the output filename explicitly indicates a Chinese-language README. There is no natural-language indication that users can choose another language or that the locale restriction is optional, which violates the language/locale policy criterion.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The embedded text advertises trigger intelligence, arbitration, confidence thresholds, and decision tracing that the code does not implement. Misrepresenting capabilities is dangerous because it can mislead operators into trusting nonexistent control logic or auditing features, especially in a security-sensitive agent ecosystem where users rely on accurate descriptions of runtime behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The script writes a branded .docx file directly into the user's skill workspace under a hard-coded path without user confirmation. Unnecessary write access in a framework-only package increases risk because the behavior is not justified by the stated purpose and could be repurposed to plant misleading files, overwrite expected content, or create persistence-like artifacts in trusted directories.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The package description is written entirely in Chinese, which signals a language-specific experience in a manifest that does not offer any user language choice or explain that the skill is intentionally region-specific. Under the policy, locale or language constraints should be opt-in or clearly justified when they appear in natural-language skill metadata.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The docstring and later CLI messages are written in Chinese, and the script provides no option for users to select another language. Under the policy, forcing a specific language without user opt-in is a natural-language policy violation unless the locale restriction is clearly justified.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
87% confidence
Finding

The manifest says the published artifact no longer includes runtime matching implementation, suggesting a limited reference package. The code nevertheless enforces concrete runtime dependencies on "skill-quick-index" and "semantic-router", checks installed versions from workspace state, and records compatibility data, indicating operational setup for a functioning runtime environment rather than a stripped reference.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

subprocess module call

Medium
Category
Dangerous Code Execution
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

subprocess module calls execute external commands. Without careful input validation, this enables command injection.

Content

Scanner excerpt · setup/wizard.py (reported line 70)May include surrounding context.

python
def run_command(cmd: List[str]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
    """运行命令并返回结果"""
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            cmd,
            capture_output=True,
            text=True,

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

The wizard's interactive output, help text, and operational guidance are presented in Chinese across the script, but there is no visible mechanism to choose language or confirm locale preference. This can violate organizational language/locale policy for generally applicable skills.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The manifest describes this skill as a framework-only trigger reference with runtime matching removed, implying limited reference or scaffolding scope. However, the wizard creates and persists active runtime-oriented matching and arbitration configuration such as coverage thresholds, signature boosting, level weights, and matching behavior, which goes beyond a mere reference artifact.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.