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Security audit

gstack CEO Review

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill is a coherent plan-review helper, but it automatically saves user-influenced review summaries to memory without explicit consent or retention controls.

Install only if you are comfortable with plan-review summaries being saved for future reference. Avoid using it for confidential roadmaps, staffing, security, or business plans unless the skill is changed to ask before saving and to define retention and deletion behavior.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Findings (1)

T02 · Agent Memory Poisoning

Warning
Location
SKILL.md:166
Finding

Automatic Persistence of User-Influenced Review Content

Content
View full analysis

Vulnerability Details

File Location: SKILL.md, lines 166–177
Vulnerability Type: T02: Agent Memory Poisoning
Risk Level: Medium

Vulnerable Code

markdown
## Output

After all sections are reviewed, produce a clean summary:

**CEO REVIEW SUMMARY**
- **Mode:** [selected mode]
- **Strongest challenges:** [top 3 issues found]
- **Recommended path:** [what to do next]
- **Accepted scope:** [what's in]
- **Deferred:** [what's out and why]
- **NOT in scope:** [explicitly excluded items]

Save the summary to `memory/` for future reference.

Technical Analysis

The Skill requires the agent to save a review summary into the persistent memory/ location. The summary is derived from plans and other content supplied by the user, so an attacker may influence what is persisted.

No instruction requires the agent to sanitize the summary, distinguish user-provided statements from trusted instructions, obtain confirmation before writing, apply retention limits, or prevent imperative text from being stored. Consequently, hostile content embedded in a reviewed plan could be incorporated into persistent memory and later interpreted as trusted context.

The persistence instruction is unnecessary for producing the requested review and conflicts with the Skill's otherwise read-only posture, including its prohibition on making changes.

Attack Path

  1. An attacker submits a plan containing manipulative statements or instructions designed to influence later agent behavior.
  2. The Skill reviews the attacker-controlled plan and incorporates some of its content into the CEO review summary.
  3. Following the mandatory instruction, the agent saves that summary under memory/.
  4. A later session loads or consults the persisted summary.
  5. If the stored content is treated as trusted guidance rather than untrusted historical data, it can influence subsequent decisions or behavior across sessions.

Successful exploitation depends on the surrounding agent plat ...[truncated 616 chars]

Remediation
View remediation

Remediation Suggestions

  1. Remove the automatic instruction to save the summary under memory/; return it only in the current response by default.
  2. If persistence is required, obtain explicit user approval before every write and show the exact content and destination.
  3. Store only a structured allowlist of factual fields rather than unrestricted prose.
  4. Mark all persisted records with provenance, creation time, source trust level, and expiration time.
  5. Strip or reject imperative instructions, tool directives, embedded prompts, executable content, and unrelated user-controlled text before persistence.
  6. Ensure later sessions treat saved summaries as untrusted reference material, never as higher-priority instructions.
  7. Provide a mechanism to inspect, edit, expire, and delete persisted records.
  8. Reconcile the persistence behavior with the Skill's “No code changes” and review-only guarantees so its state-changing behavior is explicit and narrowly scoped.
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
Findings (6)

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The manifest description uses broad trigger phrases such as 'review a plan,' 'challenge this,' and 'think bigger,' which can match many ordinary conversations. Overbroad activation can cause the skill to engage unexpectedly, applying its instructions—including persistence behavior and rigid interaction rules—in contexts where the user did not intend to invoke it.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The skill says 'Do NOT make any code changes' but later instructs writing to memory/, which is still a state-changing side effect. Conflicting instructions increase the chance an agent will perform an unintended write operation while the user believes the skill is non-mutating, undermining trust and potentially causing unauthorized persistence.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
75% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 89)May include surrounding context.

md
**RECOMMENDATION:** Choose [X] because [reason].

Ask the user which approach to proceed with. Do NOT proceed without approval.

### 0D. Mode-Specific Analysis

Context-Inappropriate Capability

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The skill directs the agent to save the review summary to persistent memory even though the skill is framed as a review-only tool. This creates an unnecessary data-retention side effect: plans, strategic notes, or sensitive business details may be persisted without explicit user consent or a clear need tied to the skill’s primary purpose.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill instructs saving output to memory without any user-facing notice that information will be persisted. In a plan-review context, outputs may contain confidential roadmap, product, staffing, or security details, so undisclosed persistence materially increases privacy and data-governance risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Scope Creep

Low
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
75% confidence
Finding

Skill's behavior or capabilities extend beyond its stated purpose. Scope creep allows an agent to perform actions unrelated to its documented functionality, increasing the attack surface.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 3)May include surrounding context.

md
---
name: gstack-openclaw-ceo-review
description: CEO/founder-mode plan review. Rethink the problem, find the 10-star product, challenge premises, expand scope when it creates a better product. Four modes: SCOPE EXPANSION (dream big), SELECTIVE EXPANSION (hold scope + cherry-pick), HOLD SCOPE (maximum rigor), SCOPE REDUCTION (strip to essentials). Use when asked to review a plan, challenge this, CEO review, poke holes, think bigger, or expand scope.
version: 1.0.0
metadata: { "openclaw": { "emoji": "👑" } }
---

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.