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Security audit

Daily English Vocab

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a disclosed daily English lesson scheduler, and its cron delivery and small state file fit that purpose.

Install this if you want scheduled English lessons and are comfortable creating an OpenClaw cron job that sends lesson content to a chat channel you configure. Review the cron time, timezone, recipient chat ID, and explanation language before enabling it.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Rogue AgentSelf-Modification, Session Persistence
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
Findings (3)

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The manifest says to use the skill for broad requests like "language learning schedule" and includes generic trigger phrases such as "English lesson," "word of the day," and "teach me English daily." These phrases overlap with common user requests and the file provides no exclusion conditions or tighter scope, which could cause unintended invocation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Session Persistence

Medium
Category
Rogue Agent
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

Skill establishes unauthorized persistence across sessions via cron jobs, startup scripts, or state files. Session persistence allows an attacker to maintain access beyond the current interaction.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 22)May include surrounding context.

Setup

Create a cron job to deliver daily lessons. Adjust time, timezone, and channel as needed:

bash
openclaw cron add \

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The lesson format mandates Chinese translation and Chinese meanings, and the style guidelines state that Chinese explanations target Chinese speakers. This imposes a specific language/locale by default rather than offering user choice or documenting a justified region-specific constraint.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.