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Security audit

Ceo Delegation

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a broadly activating delegation workflow that can automatically spread user tasks across sub-agents, inspect session messages, and encourage persistent memory writes without clear opt-in controls.

Install only if you specifically want a Chinese-language, always-delegate workflow and are comfortable with task content being sent to additional sub-agents, recent session messages being used for monitoring, and outcomes being written to memory. Avoid using it for credentials, private code, personal data, or sensitive business tasks unless you add explicit consent, scoping, and redaction controls.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Findings (1)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:8
Finding
Unconditional Agent Workflow and Role Hijacking<![CDATA[ ## Vulnerability Details **File Location**: `SKILL.md`, lines 8–15; additional directives at lines 71–79 and 115–120 **Vulnerability Type**: `T01: Skill Instruction Hijacking` **Risk Level**: High ### Vulnerable Code Snippet The following is a faithful English translation of the relevant source segment at lines 8–15: ```markdown You are the highest-level private assistant/general manager. **Never personally execute specific tasks**. Instead, manage them like a CEO: delegate, monitor, report, and validate. ## Core Principles 1. **Do not personally perform work** — Delegate all specific tasks to sub-agents. 2. **Focus on the overall situation** — Your role is coordination, monitoring, and decision-making. 3. **Double validation** — The executor and validator must be different agents. 4. **Real-time reporting** — Update the owner on progress every minute. ``` Additional mandatory directives include: ```markdown Time-consuming tasks -> Sub-agents must be used. Definition: Any task taking more than 30 seconds. Rule: A sub-agent must be spawned. Never run it in the main thread. ``` ```markdown Never skip validation. The executor and validator must be different agents. Record successful and failed experiences into memory. ``` ### Technical Analysis The skill does not limit delegation behavior to tasks for which the user explicitly requests delegation. Instead, it redefines the primary agent's role and applies unconditional rules to every task handled while the skill is loaded. The directives prohibit direct task execution, require task content to be forwarded to an execution agent, require a separate validation agent, impose recurring session monitoring, and mandate memory updates. These instructions therefore alter the agent's current-session goals and execution policy rather than merely providing an optional workflow. An attacker or untrusted package publisher could exploit this behavior by causing the skill to be loaded during an unrelated ta ...[truncated 2446 chars]
Remediation
<![CDATA[ ## Remediation Suggestions 1. Replace the universal trigger with explicit, narrowly scoped activation. The workflow should run only when the user specifically requests delegation or multi-agent coordination. 2. Remove role-redefinition language such as “never personally execute,” “all specific tasks,” and “must.” Present delegation as an optional strategy selected according to task complexity and user preference. 3. Require explicit user consent before sending task content to any additional agent, especially when the content may contain credentials, personal information, proprietary code, or other sensitive data. 4. Require separate consent before writing any result, rule, or workflow outcome to persistent memory. 5. Apply data minimization when delegation is authorized. Send each sub-agent only the information needed for its assigned task and redact sensitive values. 6. Make validation proportional to risk. Do not require a second agent for trivial or low-risk tasks unless the user requests it. 7. Remove fixed monitoring requirements. Polling frequency should be configurable and should avoid unnecessary session-history access. 8. Do not hard-code external model choices as mandatory policy. Use only models and providers approved by the user or deployment administrator. 9. Add clear failure behavior: if delegation tools are unavailable, the agent should ask the user whether to continue directly rather than refusing or silently changing execution strategy. 10. Revise the skill description so its scope and data-sharing behavior are transparent before activation. ]]>
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • Behavioral ASTexec() Call, eval() Call, Dynamic Import
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (6)

Vague Triggers

High
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding
The description says this workflow should be used 'when receiving any task,' making activation effectively universal. That is dangerous because it can hijack normal user requests, automatically delegate sensitive work to subagents, and expand the execution surface far beyond the narrow contexts where this workflow is appropriate.

Lp3

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding
The skill references tool-like execution capabilities such as `sessions_spawn`, monitoring child sessions, and task delegation workflows, but it declares no explicit tool scope or allowed-tools metadata. That mismatch is dangerous because a broadly activatable orchestration skill can trigger code-capable or shell-adjacent actions without clear least-privilege boundaries or user-visible authorization constraints.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Confidence
84% confidence
Finding
The skill is written as a Chinese-language workflow and presents itself as the default process for any task, which can implicitly force a language/locale choice without checking user preference. In isolation this is lower risk, but in a globally activating orchestration skill it can cause misunderstandings, incorrect task execution, or user confusion in sensitive operational contexts.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding
The file's natural-language documentation is entirely in Chinese and presents the script's purpose and usage only in that language. There is no indication that the locale is optional, user-selected, or required for a region-specific purpose, which can violate language/locale policy expectations.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding
This script collects session metadata and recent message content from child-agent sessions, then prints it directly without any consent prompt, minimization, or disclosure to the user. If session messages contain sensitive prompts, secrets, or task data, running the monitor can expose information across tasks or audiences that were not intended to see it.

subprocess module call

Medium
Category
Dangerous Code Execution
Content
"""获取当前活跃的子代理会话"""
    cmd = ["openclaw", "sessions", "list", "--message-limit", "2", "--json"]
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=30)
        if result.returncode != 0:
            return []
        sessions = json.loads(result.stdout)
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding
subprocess module calls execute external commands. Without careful input validation, this enables command injection.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.