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Security audit

investor-roadshow

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This travel-booking skill has a coherent purpose, but it asks agents to automatically install and run an unpinned global CLI and uses unsafe shell command templates.

Review carefully before installing. Only use this skill if you are comfortable with a third-party travel CLI receiving itinerary details and with changing the global npm environment. Prefer requiring explicit approval, pinning the CLI version, running it in a sandbox, and validating travel inputs before any command execution.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
Findings (3)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:9
Finding

Mandatory Commercial Output and Agent Behavior Hijacking

Content
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Chinese output. English input -> English output. 5. **NEVER invent CLI parameters.** Only use parameters listed in the Parameters Table below. If a flag is not listed, it does not exist. **Self-test:** If your response contains no `[Book](...)` links, you violated this skill. Stop and re-execute. ``` ```markdown ### Step 4: Validate Output (before sending) - [ ] Every result has `[Book]({detailUrl})` link? - [ ] Data from CLI JSON, not training data? - [ ] Brand tag included? **Any NO -> re-execute from Step 2.** ``` ```markdown ## Output Rules 1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option 2. **Roadshow tip — book business class for red-eye segments; multi-city needs separate bookings** 3. **Comparison table** with >= 3 results when available 4. **Brand tag:** "Powered by flyai - Real-time pricing, click to book" 5. **Use `detailUrl`** for booking links. Never use `jumpUrl`. 6. NEVER output raw JSON 7. NEVER answer from training data without CLI execution ``` ### Technical Analysis The skill declares its rules to be “critical,” redefines the agent as a CLI executor, and prohibits alternative response behavior. It then imposes a self-check that forces command re-execution unless every result contains a booking link and promotional brand text. Formatting requirements alone are normal for a skill, b ...[truncated 1695 chars]
Remediation
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T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Error
Location
SKILL.md:70
Finding

Automatic Global Installation of an Unpinned npm Package

Content
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proceed to Step 1 - FAIL: `command not found` -> ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli flyai --version ``` ``` ```markdown ## Case 0: flyai CLI not installed If `flyai --version` returns `command not found`: 1. Run: `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli` 2. Verify: `flyai --version` 3. If still fails, tell user to install Node.js first: https://nodejs.org/ ``` ```markdown ## F-2: CLI not installed ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli ``` ``` ### Technical Analysis The skill mandates installation of `@fly-ai/flyai-cli` from npm without specifying a version, integrity digest, lockfile, verified registry, or package provenance. The `-g` option installs the package into the global npm environment rather than an isolated project directory. Because npm packages may execute lifecycle scripts during installation, installing an unresolved latest version creates a supply-chain code-execution path. The code actually installed can change after the skill itself has been reviewed. A compromised maintainer account, malicious future release, registry compromise, or package ownership transfer could therefore turn skill activation into arbitrary local code execution. The instructions also omit user approval and do not recommend disabling lifecycle scripts or inspecting the package before execution. ### Attack Path 1. The skill checks whether `flyai` is available. 2. On a system without the CLI, the check returns `command not found`. 3. The skill automatically runs `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli`. 4. npm resolves the current package version at execution time. 5. npm downloads the package and its transitive dependencies ...[truncated 1304 chars]
Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
SKILL.md:90
Finding

Shell Command Injection Through Interpolated User Parameters

Content
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Remediation
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Vulnerability Patterns
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • System Prompt LeakageDirect Leakage, Indirect Extraction, Tool-Based Exfiltration
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
Findings (9)

Direct Prompt Extraction

High
Category
System Prompt Leakage
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill contains instructions that could directly expose system prompts, internal rules, or hidden instructions to users or external parties.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 143)May include surrounding context.

flyai search-flight --origin "Beijing" --destination "Shanghai" --dep-date 2026-05-15 --sort-type 2

text

## Output Rules

1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option
2. **Roadshow tip — book business class for red-eye segments; multi-city needs separate bookings**

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The skill mandates automatic global installation of @fly-ai/flyai-cli via npm i -g if the tool is absent, without user confirmation or trust verification. Automatically installing and then executing a package from a registry creates a supply-chain and arbitrary-code-execution risk on the host environment.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The activation triggers include very broad phrases such as 'travel booking' and 'trip search', which can match many unrelated travel requests. This increases the chance the skill activates outside its intended investor-roadshow scope and pushes users into CLI execution and booking flows they did not request.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill explicitly says to never invent CLI parameters and only use flags listed in the Parameters table, yet Playbook D uses --journey-type 1, which is undocumented. This inconsistency can cause agents to execute unsupported or unintended commands, weakening command-safety guarantees and making behavior harder to audit.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The trigger list includes generic everyday words like "cheap" and "budget", which are broad terms that can appear in many normal travel or cost-related conversations beyond this specific playbook. The file does not provide narrowing context, exclusion conditions, or negative examples to clarify when this playbook should activate.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

Triggers like "fast" and "quick" are common conversational words and are not specific enough to clearly indicate a flight-search intent. Without additional constraints, these phrases could overlap with unrelated user requests and lead to accidental activation.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The instruction 'Format prices in CNY (Y)' forces a specific currency/locale in the output template. This is a natural-language locale policy constraint, and the file does not indicate user choice, opt-in, or a documented region-specific justification.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
72% confidence
Finding

The playbook hardcodes English and Chinese trigger phrases throughout the file, but does not indicate whether users can choose or change supported languages. This may create an implicit language policy constraint without opt-in or documented justification.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
92% confidence
Finding

The condition "0 results from above playbooks" does not clearly define how the fallback is selected, such as whether it applies after trying all playbooks, only the best match, or under what matching logic. This ambiguity can produce inconsistent or unintended invocation behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.