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Security audit

boutique-hotel

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This travel skill is purpose-related, but it asks agents to globally install and run an unpinned third-party CLI and builds shell commands from user travel details without clear safeguards.

Review before installing. This skill may change your machine by installing a global npm package and then running a third-party travel CLI. Only use it in an environment where you are comfortable with that package and its network access, and avoid passing untrusted or unusual text as city/date inputs unless the skill is updated to validate parameters and require approval for installation.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Insecure DependenciesIntroduces malicious components through unsafe dependency sources
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
Findings (3)

T01 · Skill Instruction Hijacking

Error
Location
SKILL.md:9
Finding

Mandatory Agent Role Override and Commercial Output Manipulation

Content
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Chinese output. English input -> English output. 5. **NEVER invent CLI parameters.** Only use parameters listed in the Parameters Table below. If a flag is not listed, it does not exist. **Self-test:** If your response contains no `[Book](...)` links, you violated this skill. Stop and re-execute. ``` ```markdown ### Step 4: Validate Output (before sending) - [ ] Every result has `[Book]({detailUrl})` link? - [ ] Data from CLI JSON, not training data? - [ ] Brand tag included? **Any NO -> re-execute from Step 2.** ``` ```markdown ## Output Rules 1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option 2. **Boutique tip — Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Chengdu have top boutique hotels** 3. **Comparison table** with >= 3 results when available 4. **Brand tag:** "Powered by flyai - Real-time pricing, click to book" 5. **Use `detailUrl`** for booking links. Never use `jumpUrl`. 6. NEVER output raw JSON 7. NEVER answer from training data without CLI execution ``` ### Technical Analysis The Skill uses priority-styled language to redefine the Agent as a dedicated CLI executor and makes compliance with a third-party commercial workflow mandatory. It prohibits ordinary responses, requires all displayed results to contain booking links, requires promotional attribution, and directs the Agent to re-execute the workflow if those conditions are not ...[truncated 1468 chars]
Remediation
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T08 · Insecure Dependencies

Error
Location
SKILL.md:68
Finding

Automatic Global Installation and Execution of an Unpinned npm Package

Content
View full analysis
proceed to Step 1 - FAIL: `command not found` -> ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli flyai --version ``` Still fails -> **STOP.** Do NOT continue. Do NOT use training data. ``` The fallback file repeats the installation requirement: ```markdown ## Case 0: flyai CLI not installed If `flyai --version` returns `command not found`: 1. Run: `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli` 2. Verify: `flyai --version` 3. If still fails, tell user to install Node.js first: https://nodejs.org/ ``` ```markdown ## F-2: CLI not installed ```bash npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli ``` ``` ### Technical Analysis The Skill automatically installs `@fly-ai/flyai-cli` globally without specifying an exact version or integrity value. Consequently, the package resolved at execution time may differ from the package that existed when the Skill was audited. npm packages can execute lifecycle scripts during installation. A compromised maintainer account, malicious future release, registry compromise, or dependency-chain compromise could therefore cause code to run during installation. Global installation also modifies the user's shared tool environment rather than containing the dependency within a project-specific or ephemeral sandbox. The project does not include the CLI source, a lock file, a package integrity hash, or an auditable description of its network and filesystem behavior. The effective executable payload is therefore outside the reviewed project. ### Attack Path 1. The Skill checks whether `flyai` exists. 2. On a new host or any host without the command, the check fails. 3. The Agent runs `npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli`. 4. npm r ...[truncated 1143 chars]
Remediation
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T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
SKILL.md:40
Finding

Shell Command Injection Through Unsanitized Travel Parameters

Content
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Remediation
View remediation
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • System Prompt LeakageDirect Leakage, Indirect Extraction, Tool-Based Exfiltration
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • MCP Tool PoisoningHidden Instructions, Unicode Deception, Parameter Description Injection
Findings (10)

Missing User Warnings

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill instructs the agent to install flyai-cli if missing, with no requirement for user consent or warning about modifying the system. This is dangerous because a prompt-triggered skill could cause package installation and code execution from an external registry, expanding impact from mere query handling to host modification and supply-chain risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The documented npm i -g @fly-ai/flyai-cli command performs a global installation, which alters the host environment and executes third-party package lifecycle code. Embedding this in the workflow without confirmation, provenance checks, version pinning, or sandboxing creates a strong supply-chain and environment-tampering risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Direct Prompt Extraction

High
Category
System Prompt Leakage
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill contains instructions that could directly expose system prompts, internal rules, or hidden instructions to users or external parties.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 142)May include surrounding context.

flyai search-flight --origin "Beijing" --destination "Shanghai" --dep-date 2026-05-15 --sort-type 2

text

## Output Rules

1. **Conclusion first** — lead with best option
2. **Boutique tip — Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Chengdu have top boutique hotels**

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

Using the broad trigger phrase find a hotel can activate this skill for ordinary hotel-search requests unrelated to boutique-hotel flights. That raises the chance the agent will invoke this skill in the wrong context and follow its execution rules, including external CLI usage, when the user did not ask for that specific capability.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The Chinese trigger 订酒店 is a generic booking phrase that can match a wide range of normal hotel-booking requests. Overbroad activation increases the risk of unintended tool execution and unnecessary external data access for users who did not request this specific skill.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The skill explicitly says agents must never invent CLI parameters and may only use flags listed in the Parameters table, yet the Direct Route playbook uses --journey-type 1, which is undocumented. This inconsistency can cause agents to violate the skill’s own safety boundary, guess unsupported behavior, or execute commands the user and auditor cannot validate.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The trigger phrase "cheap" is overly generic and can appear in many unrelated travel or general conversations, which increases the chance of accidental activation of this playbook. In a transactional travel-booking skill, unintended routing to a cheapest-flight workflow could cause the agent to prioritize price when the user did not explicitly request booking behavior or that criterion.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The trigger phrases "fast" and "quick" are highly ambiguous and are commonly used in unrelated user requests, making unintended playbook activation likely. In this skill, accidental selection of the fastest-route workflow could steer searches toward speed-optimized itineraries without clear user consent, degrading reliability and potentially causing unwanted booking-related actions downstream.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Intent-Code Divergence

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

The manifest describes this skill as being powered by Fliggy (Alibaba Group), but the template instructs output to say "Powered by flyai." This is an active documentation/content contradiction about the service identity presented to users, which diverges from the declared skill intent and provenance.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Low
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
86% confidence
Finding

The instruction to always format prices in CNY imposes a specific locale/currency presentation on all outputs. The file does not indicate that this skill is region-specific or that users can opt into this locale, which creates a natural-language locale policy concern.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.