T08 · Insecure Dependencies
Note
- Location
requirements.txt:1- Finding
Unbounded OpenCV Dependency Allows Unreviewed Future Releases
- Content
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=4.5.0 ``` The same dependency is declared in `SKILL.md:9` and installation without a version pin is recommended by error messages at `scripts/camera.py:27`, `scripts/camera.py:52`, and `scripts/camera.py:101`: ```python print("ERROR: OpenCV not installed. Run: pip install opencv-python") ``` ### Technical Analysis The requirement specifies only a minimum version. Dependency resolution may therefore install any current or future release of `opencv-python` that satisfies `>=4.5.0`, without requiring a reviewed version or verifying an artifact hash. The package name is legitimate, and the project does not specify a suspicious package repository. The risk arises because the effective dependency can change after this Skill has been reviewed. If the upstream package, its publishing account, the configured package index, or a future release is compromised, a subsequent installation can retrieve attacker-controlled Python or native code. The scripts import `cv2` when camera functionality is invoked. Malicious code contained in the installed module could therefore execute under the identity and permissions of the user or Agent process. ### Attack Path 1. An attacker compromises the upstream package, a maintainer account, the package distribution infrastructure, or the package index configured in the deployment environment. 2. The attacker publishes or substitutes a malicious `opencv-python` release whose version satisfies `>=4.5.0`. 3. A user or deployment process installs dependencies from `requirements.txt`, or follows the unpinned `pip install opencv-python` guidance. 4. The resolver selects the malicious or compromised release because no exact version or artifact hash is enforced. 5. Malicious code may execute during package installation, native component loading, ...[truncated 746 chars]- Remediation
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``` 2. Generate and enforce cryptographic hashes for all dependency artifacts. Install with pip's hash verification: ```bash python3 -m pip install --require-hashes -r requirements.txt ``` 3. Use a lock file or reproducible dependency-generation workflow so development, CI, and production resolve identical artifacts. 4. Restrict installations to an approved package index and disable untrusted extra indexes or mirrors. 5. Periodically update the pinned version through a controlled process that includes vulnerability scanning, provenance verification, compatibility testing, and review of release changes. 6. Update the installation guidance in `scripts/camera.py` to reference the reviewed requirements file instead of recommending an unconstrained package installation: ```python print("ERROR: OpenCV not installed. Install the reviewed dependencies from requirements.txt") ``` 7. Run dependency installation and camera operations under a non-privileged account or sandbox to limit the impact of a compromised native dependency. ]]>