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Security audit

Seedance 2

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

This skill is a straightforward PoYo video-generation helper, but users should handle the PoYo API key carefully.

Install only if you intend to send generation prompts, reference image URLs, and related payload data to PoYo. Set POYO_API_KEY through a protected environment or secret mechanism, avoid putting the key directly on the command line, and consider rotating the key if it was previously exposed in shell history.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
Findings (1)

T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Warning
Location
scripts/submit_seedance_1_5_pro.sh:4
Finding

PoYo API Key Exposure Through Command-Line Arguments

Content
View full analysis
&2 echo "Or set POYO_API_KEY and pass [payload.json]. If no payload file is given, JSON is read from stdin." >&2 exit 1 fi payload="${2:-${1:+}}" if [ -n "${POYO_API_KEY:-}" ]; then payload="${1:-}" fi if [ -n "$payload" ] && [ "$payload" != "$api_key" ]; then body=$(cat "$payload") else body=$(cat) fi curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "$body" ``` ### Technical Analysis The script explicitly accepts the PoYo API key as its first positional argument when `POYO_API_KEY` is not set. Supplying a secret on a command line can record it in the user's shell history. While the command is running, it may also be exposed through process metadata to local users or processes that are permitted to inspect the invocation. Regardless of whether the key originates from the environment or a positional argument, the final `curl` command expands it into the `Authorization` header passed in curl's argument vector: ```sh -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key" ``` Consequently, the bearer credential may be observable in curl's process arguments during request execution. Exploitation requires local process-inspection access or access to the invoking user's shell history, so this is not an unauthenticated remote vulnerability. ### Attack Path 1. A user invokes the script with the API key as documented, for example: ```sh ./scripts/submit_seedance_1_5_pro.sh SECRET_API_KEY payload.json ``` 2. The command, including the plaintext key, may be retained in the user's shell-history file. 3. The script al ...[truncated 964 chars]
Remediation
View remediation
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Privilege EscalationExcessive Permissions, Sudo/Root Execution, Credential Access
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
  • Supply ChainUnpinned Dependencies, External Script Fetching, Obfuscated Code
Findings (11)

Credential Access

High
Category
Privilege Escalation
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

Code accesses credential files (SSH keys, AWS credentials, etc.). This could indicate credential theft attempts.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/api.md (reported line 19)May include surrounding context.

Content-Type: application/json

text

Get API keys from <https://poyo.ai/dashboard/api-key>.

Recommended skill env var:

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The skill advertises shell-based execution via curl but does not declare any explicit tool scope such as allowed-tools or permissions. This creates ambiguity about what execution capabilities the skill expects and weakens policy enforcement, increasing the chance that an agent may invoke shell access more broadly than intended.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The workflow instructs the agent to send prompts, image URLs, and authenticated requests to a third-party API, but it does not require any user-facing disclosure or consent before transmitting potentially sensitive content off-platform. This is dangerous because users may unknowingly expose private prompts, proprietary images, or internal URLs to an external vendor.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/api.md (reported line 44)May include surrounding context.

Submission example

bash
curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H 'Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY'   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d '{
  "model": "seedance-1.5-pro",
  "callback_url": "https://your-domain.com/callback",
  "input": {

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 3)May include surrounding context.

md
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 20)May include surrounding context.

md
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/api.md (reported line 5)May include surrounding context.

md
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · references/api.md (reported line 44)May include surrounding context.

md
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/submit_seedance_1_5_pro.sh (reported line 22)May include surrounding context.

sh
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
70% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/submit_seedance_1_5_pro.sh (reported line 22)May include surrounding context.

sh
body=$(cat)
fi

curl -sS https://api.poyo.ai/api/generate/submit   -H "Authorization: Bearer $api_key"   -H 'Content-Type: application/json'   -d "$body"

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The script sends the provided JSON body to a remote API using curl and includes a bearer token from POYO_API_KEY or a command-line argument. Aside from usage syntax, there is no confirmation prompt, visible notice, or explanatory comment warning the user that input data and credentials will be transmitted off-host.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.