Remix V2 Routing

Remix v2 routing patterns. Use when implementing flat-routes v2 conventions, route file naming, nested layouts, resource routes, or root.tsx scaffolding. Triggers on _.tsx (pathless layout), _index.tsx, $param, app/routes/, @remix-run/dev, defineRoutes, in route modules.

Quick Reference

Flat-routes v2 filename rules (all files live in app/routes/):

text

_index.tsx                 → /
concerts.tsx               → /concerts                (acts as layout when dotted children exist; otherwise leaf for /concerts)
concerts._index.tsx        → /concerts                (renders under layout)
concerts.$city.tsx         → /concerts/:city          params.city
concerts.trending.tsx      → /concerts/trending
_auth.tsx + _auth.login.tsx → /login (pathless layout, no URL segment)
files.$.tsx                → /files/*                 params["*"]
($lang)._index.tsx         → / and /en (or /fr etc.) — optional segment
sitemap[.]xml.tsx          → /sitemap.xml             (escape literal)
concerts_.mine.tsx         → /concerts/mine           (opts out of layout)
dashboard/route.tsx        → /dashboard               (folder + route.tsx)
reports.$id[.pdf].tsx      → /reports/:id.pdf         (no default export = resource)

Imports — always use @remix-run/react, never react-router-dom:

tsx

import { Outlet, Link, useLoaderData, useParams } from "@remix-run/react";
import type { LoaderFunctionArgs } from "@remix-run/node"; // or /cloudflare, /deno

File Naming Conventions

Dots in filenames create URL slashes and parent/child nesting. Underscore prefix marks pathless segments (_auth.tsx) and index routes (_index.tsx). Trailing underscore (concerts_.mine.tsx) opts out of layout nesting while keeping the URL nested. Brackets escape literal characters: sitemap[.]xml.tsx. Splat is the single dollar sign: $.tsx exposes the rest of the path under params["*"]. Optional segments are wrapped in parens: ($lang).

See references/conventions.md for the full table and edge cases.

Nested Layouts

A parent module (concerts.tsx) renders <Outlet />; child routes (concerts.$city.tsx, concerts._index.tsx) mount inside it automatically based on the dot-delimited filename.

tsx

// app/routes/concerts.tsx
import { Outlet } from "@remix-run/react";

export default function ConcertsLayout() {
  return (
    <section>
      <nav>{/* concerts subnav */}</nav>
      <Outlet />
    </section>
  );
}

tsx

// app/routes/concerts._index.tsx  (renders at exactly /concerts)
export default function ConcertsIndex() {
  return <h1>Browse concerts</h1>;
}

For a layout with no URL contribution, prefix with a single underscore:

tsx

// app/routes/_auth.tsx          → wraps /login, /signup; no URL segment
// app/routes/_auth.login.tsx    → /login   (inherits _auth layout)
// app/routes/_auth.signup.tsx   → /signup

Dynamic Segments and Splats

$name captures a single segment; $.tsx captures the rest of the path. Loader receives values via params:

tsx

// app/routes/concerts.$city.tsx
import type { LoaderFunctionArgs } from "@remix-run/node";
import { json } from "@remix-run/node";
import { useLoaderData } from "@remix-run/react";

export async function loader({ params }: LoaderFunctionArgs) {
  if (!params.city) throw new Response("Not found", { status: 404 });
  return json({ city: params.city });
}

export default function City() {
  const { city } = useLoaderData<typeof loader>();
  return <h1>{city}</h1>;
}

Splat values live under "*" — there is no params.splat:

tsx

// app/routes/files.$.tsx
export async function loader({ params }: LoaderFunctionArgs) {
  const rest = params["*"]; // bracket access only
  return new Response(await readBlob(rest), { headers: { "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream" } });
}

Root Module

app/root.tsx is the only required route. It owns the document shell and must render <Meta />, <Links />, <Outlet />, <ScrollRestoration />, <Scripts />, and (during dev) <LiveReload />. See references/root.md.

Resource Routes

A route module without a default export is a resource route — it returns raw Response objects (PDF, JSON, RSS, webhooks). Parent loaders do not run, and <Link> must use reloadDocument (or be replaced with <a>) to trigger a real document request. See references/resource-routes.md.

Gates (decision sequencing)

Answer in order. Pass means the condition is true; pick the answer on the same line and stop.

Layout vs flat URL

0. Is there shared chrome at all (nav, breadcrumbs, sidebar) at this level?
   • Fail → Use plain dotted segments (about.tsx, pricing.tsx); no layout module needed. Stop.
   • Pass → Step 1.
1. Should this URL share UI (nav, breadcrumbs, sidebar) with a parent path?
   • Pass → Use dot-delimited nesting (concerts.$city.tsx under concerts.tsx). Stop.
   • Fail → Step 2.
2. Does the URL just happen to be nested but should render standalone?
   • Pass → Trailing underscore (concerts_.mine.tsx). Stop.
   • Fail → Step 3.
3. Need a wrapper layout but no parent URL segment?
   • Pass → Single-underscore pathless parent (_auth.tsx + _auth.login.tsx). Stop.

UI route vs resource route

1. Does this URL ever render HTML to a user?
   • Pass → Export a default component. UI route. Stop.
   • Fail → Step 2.
2. Returns JSON, PDF, RSS, sitemap, webhook, or other raw Response?
   • Pass → Omit default export — module becomes a resource route. Use reloadDocument on any <Link> pointing to it. Stop.

_index.tsx vs index.tsx

1. On Remix v2 with flat-routes?
   • Pass → _index.tsx (leading underscore). Stop.
   • Fail → Step 2 — you're on v1 (or using the v1 fallback adapter).
2. Need to keep a v1 nested-folder tree alive?
   • Pass → Install @remix-run/v1-route-convention and wire it in remix.config.js. See references/v1-migration.md. Stop.

Additional Documentation

• Conventions: See references/conventions.md for the full filename grammar (_index, _layout, $param, splat, optional, escape, folder + route.tsx, trailing underscore).
• Root module: See references/root.md for the root.tsx scaffold and the required document elements.
• Resource routes: See references/resource-routes.md for non-HTML responses, the no-default-export rule, parent-loader skipping, and reloadDocument.
• v1 → v2 migration: See references/v1-migration.md for differences from v1 (__double underscore folders, index.tsx, @remix-run/v1-route-convention, ignoredRouteFiles).

v1 vs v2 Convention Comparison

Concern	v1 (nested folders)	v2 (flat routes)
Index route	index.tsx	_index.tsx
Pathless layout	__auth/ (double underscore)	_auth.tsx (single)
Nested URL	folder hierarchy	dot delimiter in filename
Dynamic segment	$param.tsx	$param.tsx (unchanged)
Splat	$.tsx	$.tsx (unchanged)
Escape literal	n/a	[.], [] brackets
Opt-out of layout	move out of folder	trailing _ (foo_.bar.tsx)
Co-location	adjacent files in folder	feature/route.tsx + siblings
Fallback adapter	n/a	@remix-run/v1-route-convention