T08 · Insecure Dependencies
- Location
requirements.txt:1- Finding
Unpinned Third-Party Dependency Creates Supply-Chain Risk
- Content
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Vulnerability Details
File Location:
requirements.txt:1
Vulnerability Type: Unpinned third-party dependency
Risk Level: MediumVulnerable Code
text numpyThe documented installation workflow in
SKILL.md:116invokes this dependency specification:bash pip install -r requirements.txtTechnical Analysis
The project declares NumPy without an exact version or integrity hash. Consequently, installation may resolve different package artifacts over time according to the package index and resolver configuration active on the user's system.
This prevents reproducible dependency resolution and leaves the installation process dependent on the continuing integrity of the configured package source and whichever NumPy release it selects. If that source, account, package release, or local package-index configuration is compromised, an attacker-controlled artifact could be installed. Neither a lock file nor hash verification is provided to bind installation to a reviewed artifact.
The finding does not establish that the legitimate NumPy package is malicious. It identifies the absence of dependency pinning and artifact verification as the supply-chain weakness.
Attack Path
- An attacker compromises a configured Python package source, a relevant package release, or the victim's package-index configuration.
- The user follows the documented command
pip install -r requirements.txt. - Because
numpyhas no exact version or required hash, pip resolves an artifact controlled or substituted by the attacker. - The malicious artifact executes package-controlled code during installation or later when
numpyis imported byscripts/main.py. - That code runs with the permissions of the user or service performing the installation or execution.
Impact Assessment
Successful exploitation could permit arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the process installing or importing the dependency. The resulting scope may in ...[truncated 327 chars]
- Remediation
View remediation
Remediation Suggestions
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Pin NumPy to a security-reviewed exact version:
text numpy==<reviewed-version> -
Generate and retain hashes for all approved distribution artifacts, then require verification during installation:
bash python -m pip install --require-hashes -r requirements.txt -
Use a lock-file workflow that records all transitive dependencies, exact versions, and hashes.
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Configure an explicitly trusted package index rather than inheriting uncontrolled global or environment-specific index settings.
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Review and update pinned dependencies through a controlled process that includes vulnerability scanning, compatibility tests, and artifact provenance checks.
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Install dependencies in an isolated, least-privileged virtual environment or container rather than under an administrative account.
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