PDF to Markdown

Convert any PDF to Markdown, JSON, and HTML using OpenDataLoader. Supports digital PDFs, scanned PDFs with OCR, and complex layouts with table extraction and reading-order detection. Use when a user shares a PDF and wants it parsed into readable text, structured data, or searchable content.

Convert any PDF to Markdown, JSON, or HTML using OpenDataLoader PDF — the #1 ranked open-source PDF parser.

Features

• Markdown — clean readable text with correct reading order
• JSON — structured data with bounding boxes, font sizes, page numbers
• HTML — rich HTML output preserving layout
• OCR — built-in OCR for scanned PDFs (80+ languages)
• Tables — complex table extraction (0.93 accuracy)
• Reading order — XY-Cut++ algorithm for multi-column layouts
• No API key — fully self-hosted, open-source

Requirements

Java 11+ (symlink setup)

OpenDataLoader requires Java. After installing, create a symlink so Python subprocesses can find it:

bash

# Find your Java install
ls ~/jdk-*/bin/java 2>/dev/null || ls /opt/jdk*/bin/java 2>/dev/null

# Create symlink
ln -sf /path/to/java/bin/java ~/.local/bin/java

Python 3.10+

bash

pip install opendataloader-pdf

Or use the auto-install script (handles Java + Python automatically):

bash

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opendataloader-project/opendataloader-pdf/main/scripts/install.sh | bash

Usage

CLI

bash

# Basic — markdown + json output
pdf2md document.pdf ./output

# HTML + JSON output
pdf2md document.pdf ./output html,json

# Markdown only
pdf2md document.pdf ./output markdown

Python

python

import opendataloader_pdf

opendataloader_pdf.convert(
    input_path="document.pdf",
    output_dir="./output",
    format="markdown,json"
)

Supported Input Formats

Type	Example	OCR Needed
Digital PDF	Text-based PDFs	No
Scanned PDF	Image-only scans	Yes (built-in)
Tagged PDF	Accessibility PDFs	No
Multi-column	Academic papers	No
Tables	Data reports	No

Output Formats

Markdown

Clean text with heading hierarchy, bullet lists, and paragraph structure.

JSON

json

{
  "file name": "document.pdf",
  "number of pages": 5,
  "author": "Author Name",
  "kids": [
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": "Doctitle",
      "page number": 1,
      "bounding box": [100.0, 744.5, 404.0, 773.1],
      "font": "Helvetica-Bold",
      "font size": 24.0,
      "content": "Document Title"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "page number": 1,
      "bounding box": [100.0, 676.8, 316.3, 713.0],
      "font": "Helvetica",
      "font size": 14.0,
      "content": "Paragraph text..."
    }
  ]
}

Installation

OpenClaw Skill Install

bash

clawhub install pdf-to-markdown

Manual Install

bash

# Install dependencies
pip install opendataloader-pdf

# Make script executable
chmod +x scripts/pdf2md

Architecture

text

PDF Input
    │
    ▼
OpenDataLoader PDF (JVM)
    │
    ├── PDFBox    ──► Text extraction + layout analysis
    ├── veraPDF   ──► PDF validation + structure
    └── Tesseract ──► OCR (scanned PDFs)
    │
    ▼
Output: Markdown / JSON / HTML

Benchmark

Metric	Score
Overall extraction accuracy	0.90
Table extraction accuracy	0.93
Processing speed (local)	0.05s/page

Benchmarks on 200 real-world PDFs including multi-column and scientific papers.

Common Use Cases

• RAG pipelines — convert PDFs to chunkable markdown
• Document parsing — extract text from research papers
• Accessibility — convert PDFs to structured data
• Data extraction — pull tables from reports
• Content migration — PDF to markdown for wikis/docs

See Also

• OpenDataLoader PDF — upstream project
• PDF/UA — PDF accessibility standard
• veraPDF — PDF/A validator