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Security audit

Elevenlabs Integration with Openclaw

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill is a coherent ElevenLabs voice tool, but it exposes sensitive API credentials in documented debug output and sends voice/audio data to a third-party service without strong privacy or consent warnings.

Review before installing in environments that handle private audio, regulated data, customer recordings, or production API keys. Avoid DEBUG=1 with real ElevenLabs credentials until debug logging is redacted, do not run the scripts or tests from shared writable directories, and only upload or clone voices when you have consent and are comfortable sending the media to ElevenLabs.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Insecure Skill Coding PracticesFinds exploitable flaws such as hardcoded secrets or command injection
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
Findings (3)

T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Error
Location
scripts/transcribe.sh:116
Finding

ElevenLabs API Key Disclosed in Debug Output

Content
View full analysis
"`, and prints it. 4. The output is retained in an agent transcript, CI log, terminal capture, or support bundle. 5. An attacker who can read that output extracts the API key. 6. The attacker submits authenticated requests to ElevenLabs using the stolen ...[truncated 499 chars]
Remediation
View remediation

T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Warning
Location
scripts/speak.sh:191
Finding

Predictable Temporary Output Files Permit Symlink-Based File Clobbering

Content
View full analysis
&1) || { log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API" rm -f "$TEMP_OUTPUT" exit 1 } END_TIME=$(date +%s) DURATION=$((END_TIME - START_TIME)) if handle_api_error "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$HTTP_CODE"; then mv "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$OUTPUT" ``` `scripts/sfx.sh:118-133`: ```bash TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$" HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \ -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/sound-generation" \ -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d "$REQUEST" 2>&1) || { log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API" rm -f "$TEMP_OUTPUT" exit 1 } END_TIME=$(date +%s) DURATION_TIME=$((END_TIME - START_TIME)) if handle_api_error "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$HTTP_CODE"; then mv "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$OUTPUT" ``` `scripts/isolate.sh:101-115`: ```bash TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$" HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \ -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/audio-isolation" \ -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \ "${FORM_DATA[@]}" 2>&1) || { log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API" rm -f "$TEMP_OUTPUT" exit 1 } END_TIME=$(date +%s) DURATION=$((END_TIME - START_TIME)) if handle_api_error "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$HTTP_CODE"; then mv "$TEMP_OUTPUT" "$OUTPUT" ``` `scripts/dub.sh:265-278`: ```bash TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$" HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \ ...[truncated 2318 chars]
Remediation
View remediation

T09 · Insecure Skill Coding Practices

Warning
Location
test.sh:57
Finding

Test Suite Uses Shared Predictable Files Under /tmp

Content
View full analysis
/tmp/test_output.txt 2>&1; then ``` ```bash if eval "$test_cmd" > /tmp/test_output.txt 2>&1; then if grep -q "$expected" /tmp/test_output.txt; then ``` ```bash OUTPUT_FILE="/tmp/test_tts_$$.mp3" if $SCRIPTS_DIR/speak.sh --out "$OUTPUT_FILE" "Hello from ElevenLabs Voice Studio test suite" 2>/tmp/test_output.txt; then if [[ -f "$OUTPUT_FILE" && -s "$OUTPUT_FILE" ]]; then echo -e "${GREEN}PASSED${NC}" ((TESTS_PASSED++)) FILE_SIZE=$(stat -f%z "$OUTPUT_FILE" 2>/dev/null || stat -c%s "$OUTPUT_FILE" 2>/dev/null || echo "0") echo " Generated: $(( FILE_SIZE / 1024 )) KB" cp "$OUTPUT_FILE" /tmp/test_tts_sample.mp3 rm -f "$OUTPUT_FILE" ``` ```bash if [[ -f /tmp/test_tts_sample.mp3 ]]; then echo -n "Testing: Transcribe (API)... " if $SCRIPTS_DIR/transcribe.sh /tmp/test_tts_sample.mp3 > /tmp/transcript.txt 2>/tmp/test_output.txt; then TRANSCRIPT=$(cat /tmp/transcript.txt) if [[ -n "$TRANSCRIPT" ]]; then echo -e "${GREEN}PASSED${NC}" ((TESTS_PASSED++)) echo " Transcript: ${TRANSCRIPT:0:50}..." else echo -e "${RED}FAILED${NC} (empty transcript)" ((TESTS_FAILED++)) fi else ERROR=$(cat /tmp/test_output.txt) if echo "$ERROR" | grep -qi "quota\|rate\|limit"; then echo -e "${YELLOW}SKIPPED${NC} (quota/rate limit)" ((TESTS_SKIPPED++)) else echo -e "${RED}FAILED${NC}" echo " Error: $ERROR" ((TESTS_FAILED++)) fi fi rm -f /tmp/test_tts_sample.mp3 /tmp/transcript.txt fi ``` ```bash OUTPUT_FILE="/tmp/test_sfx_$$.mp3" if $SCR ...[truncated 2577 chars]
Remediation
View remediation
"$TEST_OUTPUT" 2>&1; then grep -q -- "$expected" "$TEST_OUTPUT" fi } ``` 6. Use `--` with `cp`, `rm`, and `grep` where applicable. 7. Add multi-user and symlink-resistance tests to verify that files outside `TEST_TMPDIR` cannot be modified. ]]>
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Tool MisuseTool Parameter Abuse, Chaining Abuse, Unsafe Defaults
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
  • Prompt InjectionInstruction Override, Hidden Instructions, Exfiltration Commands
Findings (29)

Tool Parameter Abuse

High
Category
Tool Misuse
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

Tool parameters are crafted to achieve unintended or unsafe behavior. Parameter abuse can bypass intended safety checks (e.g. shell=True, --force, dangerous glob patterns).

Content

Scanner excerpt · test.sh (reported line 203)May include surrounding context.

sh
((TESTS_FAILED++))
        fi
    fi
    rm -f /tmp/test_tts_sample.mp3 /tmp/transcript.txt
fi

# Test 13: Generate sound effect (if not rate limited)

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The README encourages speech transcription, voice cloning, isolation, and dubbing workflows that require uploading user audio or video to ElevenLabs, but it does not clearly warn that potentially sensitive media and derived biometric voice data are transmitted to a third-party service. Users may unknowingly submit private conversations, regulated data, or someone else's voice, creating privacy, consent, and compliance risks.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The skill clearly instructs the agent to invoke shell scripts and external commands, but it does not declare any explicit tool scope such as permissions or allowed-tools. That increases the risk of overbroad execution because the hosting platform cannot constrain what command execution capabilities this skill expects or requires.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The transcription, isolation, and dubbing features instruct users to upload audio to a third-party API but do not warn that recordings may contain personal, confidential, or regulated information. This omission can lead users to send sensitive meeting audio, customer data, or private conversations off-device without informed consent or review.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The voice cloning section enables replication of a person's voice without any warning about consent, authorization, impersonation, or biometric privacy concerns. In context, this can facilitate non-consensual cloning, social engineering, fraud, or misuse of sensitive voice data.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 233)May include surrounding context.

API Usage Examples

For direct API access, all scripts use curl under the hood:

bash
# Direct TTS API call

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The script uploads user-provided audio samples to ElevenLabs for voice cloning, but it does not provide an explicit privacy or third-party data-transfer warning at the point of use. Because voice recordings are biometric and potentially highly sensitive, users may unknowingly transmit personal or third-party data to an external service, creating privacy, consent, and compliance risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The script performs an actual POST request to ElevenLabs and uploads local audio files for voice cloning. In the context of voice samples, this is more sensitive than ordinary network use because the transferred data may include biometric identifiers, copyrighted speech, or recordings of third parties, and the script does not gate the transfer with explicit consent or a privacy warning.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/clone.sh (reported line 136)May include surrounding context.

sh
START_TIME=$(date +%s)

RESPONSE=$(curl -s -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices/add" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \
    "${FORM_DATA[@]}" 2>&1) || {
    log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

This curl invocation sends request data and an API credential to an external service, which is expected for the feature but still constitutes external data transmission. In a security review of agent skills, this is dangerous because user input may contain sensitive information and the transmission occurs automatically without contextual consent or minimization.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/sfx.sh (reported line 119)May include surrounding context.

sh
START_TIME=$(date +%s)

TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$"
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \
    -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/sound-generation" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The script transmits the user-provided sound-effect description to ElevenLabs over the network, but it does not clearly warn the user at execution time that their prompt content will leave the local environment. In an agent/skill context, users may enter sensitive or proprietary text assuming local processing, so silent exfiltration of prompt contents to a third-party API is a real privacy and data-handling risk.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

The hardcoded ElevenLabs endpoint confirms this skill is designed to send content off-host to a third-party SaaS provider. While not inherently malicious, in this skill context it increases exposure because descriptions may contain confidential information and the user is not forced through any explicit privacy acknowledgment before transmission.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/sfx.sh (reported line 120)May include surrounding context.

sh
TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$"
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \
    -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/sound-generation" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "$REQUEST" 2>&1) || {

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The script transmits user-provided text and the API key to ElevenLabs over the network, but it does not provide an explicit privacy warning or confirmation before sending potentially sensitive content. In a voice/TTS skill this behavior is expected, yet it is still a real privacy/security concern because users may unintentionally submit secrets, personal data, or proprietary text to a third-party service.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This curl call sends the constructed request body, which includes the user's text, to an external ElevenLabs API endpoint. Although this is core to the skill's purpose, it creates a genuine external data exposure path: any sensitive text supplied by the user leaves the local environment and is subject to third-party handling and retention policies.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/speak.sh (reported line 192)May include surrounding context.

sh
START_TIME=$(date +%s)

TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$"
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \
    -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/text-to-speech/$VOICE_ID" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
88% confidence
Finding

The hardcoded ElevenLabs API endpoint confirms that this skill depends on sending data to an external service. In context, this is expected functionality rather than covert exfiltration, but it still represents a real privacy boundary crossing because user content is transmitted off-host.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/speak.sh (reported line 193)May include surrounding context.

sh
TEMP_OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}.tmp.$$"
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o "$TEMP_OUTPUT" \
    -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/text-to-speech/$VOICE_ID" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "$REQUEST" 2>&1) || {

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
90% confidence
Finding

This script sends user-supplied audio data to a third-party endpoint at api.elevenlabs.io. In the context of a voice/transcription skill this is expected functionality, but it still creates a genuine data-exfiltration/privacy boundary because potentially sensitive recordings leave the local environment and there is no in-script consent, scoping, or warning mechanism.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/transcribe.sh (reported line 116)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Model: $MODEL"

# Build curl command
CURL_CMD=(curl -s -X POST "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/speech-to-text" \
    -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY")

# Build form data

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
94% confidence
Finding

The script uploads the provided audio file to ElevenLabs' external speech-to-text API, but it does not provide an explicit privacy or data-disclosure warning at the point of use. This can cause users to unknowingly transmit sensitive or regulated audio content off-host, which is a real privacy/security issue even if the behavior is consistent with the skill's transcription purpose.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Autonomous Decision Making

Medium
Category
Excessive Agency
Confidence
85% confidence
Finding

Skill enables autonomous high-impact decisions without human-in-the-loop verification. Critical operations (destructive commands, financial transactions, data deletion) should require explicit user confirmation.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/voices.sh (reported line 37)May include surrounding context.

sh
Options for 'delete':
  -i, --id <id>     Voice ID (required)
  --force           Skip confirmation

Options for 'preview':
  -i, --id <id>     Voice ID

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 237)May include surrounding context.

md
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/clone.sh (reported line 127)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/dub.sh (reported line 156)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/dub.sh (reported line 201)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/dub.sh (reported line 250)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/dub.sh (reported line 267)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/isolate.sh (reported line 103)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

External Transmission

Medium
Category
Data Exfiltration
Confidence
60% confidence
Finding

Data is being sent to an external URL. This could be legitimate telemetry or data exfiltration. Manual review is recommended.

Content

Scanner excerpt · scripts/voices.sh (reported line 97)May include surrounding context.

sh
log_info "Fetching voices..."
        
        RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.elevenlabs.io/v1/voices" \
            -H "xi-api-key: $API_KEY") || {
            log_error "Failed to connect to ElevenLabs API"
            exit 1

Static analysis

No suspicious patterns detected.