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Security audit

Frog Skin Moisture Assessment | 蛙类皮肤湿润度评估

Security checks for vulnerabilities and agentic risk

Overview

The skill mostly matches frog media analysis, but it silently creates or reuses a persistent identity, stores authentication tokens locally, and sends media/report requests to a cloud service without tight user-facing controls.

Install only if you are comfortable with frog images/videos or URLs being processed by the LifeEmergence cloud service and with the skill silently creating or reusing a local identity. Review the workspace `data` directory after use, protect or remove cached tokens if no longer needed, and avoid using sensitive media unless cloud retention and account controls are acceptable.

Vulnerability Patterns
  • Skill Instruction HijackingAlters the agent's session goals or safety constraints when the skill loads
  • Agent Memory PoisoningWrites attacker-controlled rules into memory that affect later sessions
  • Remote Payload Retrieval and ExecutionFetches external code whose behavior can change after review
  • Embedded Malicious CodeShips malicious scripts inside the skill and executes them locally
  • Unauthorized Access and Privilege EscalationObtains permissions beyond the task's legitimate needs
Vulnerability Patterns
  • Data ExfiltrationExternal Transmission, Env Variable Harvesting, File System Enumeration
  • Excessive AgencyUnrestricted Tool Access, Autonomous Decision Making, Scope Creep
  • Trigger AbuseOverly Broad Trigger, Shadow Command Trigger, Keyword Baiting Trigger
  • YARA SignaturesMalware Match, Webshell Match, Cryptominer Match
  • MCP Least PrivilegeUnderdeclared Capability, Wildcard Permission, Missing Permission Declaration
Findings (53)

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Tp4

High
Category
MCP Tool Poisoning
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

External service communication, authentication/token management, user creation/lookup, local credential-like file access, and workspace-aware filesystem handling are far broader than the stated image-analysis purpose. In combination, these behaviors can expose secrets, create accounts, and move user data across trust boundaries without adequate disclosure or narrowly tailored authorization.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

YARA rule 'agent_skill_mcp_tool_poisoning_metadata': MCP/tool metadata poisoning indicators in tool schemas or skill manifests [agent_skills]

High
Category
YARA Match
Confidence
80% confidence
Finding

The YARA hit for MCP/tool metadata poisoning indicators is concerning in this context because the manifest already shows strong signs of capability misrepresentation and hidden behavior breadth. Even if the exact marker is partly heuristic, suspicious manifest metadata can be used to influence tool interpretation, evade reviewer expectations, or smuggle adversarial instructions through descriptive fields.

Content

Scanner excerpt · SKILL.md (reported line 3)May include surrounding context.

md
---
name: "smyx-frog-skin-moisture-assessment-analysis"
description: "Through fixed cameras in rainforest tanks or vivariums, the system captures high-definition images of the dorsal or lateral skin of frogs (such as tree frogs, horned frogs, dart frogs), and uses AI visual analysis to detect skin glossiness (specular reflection intensity) and assess skin moisture levels. | 通过雨林缸或饲养箱固定摄像头,拍摄蛙类(如树蛙、角蛙、箭毒蛙)的背部或侧身皮肤高清图像,利用 AI 视觉分析技术检测皮肤的光泽度(反光强度),评估皮肤的湿润程度。健康的蛙类皮肤应湿润、有光泽�

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
98% confidence
Finding

The manifest frames the skill as analyzing high-definition images of frog dorsal/lateral skin from fixed cameras. However, the code explicitly requires a local video path or network video URL and sends it as videoUrl, which is a materially broader and different input modality than the declared image-analysis scope.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The manifest describes analysis of high-definition frog skin images for glossiness/moisture assessment. In contrast, the code defines analyze_video, accepts --input as a local MP4 path or --url as a video URL, describes itself as a '视频分析工具', and supports listing prior video analyses. This is a clear semantic mismatch in the skill's stated modality and behavior.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This file exposes generic CRUD-style methods and arbitrary HTTP wrappers (http_get, http_post, http_put, http_delete) that are not constrained to the manifest’s stated purpose of frog skin moisture image analysis. In an agent-skill context, this expands the skill into a general remote action surface that could be abused to access, modify, or delete external resources unrelated to the declared function, especially if higher-level prompts or inputs can influence the target URLs or payloads.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The skill includes unrestricted remote resource manipulation capabilities through methods like add, edit, delete, and direct HTTP verb wrappers, without any visible limitation tying them to vivarium image processing. Because the declared skill is analytical rather than administrative, these capabilities are suspiciously overpowered and could enable unauthorized external state changes if an attacker can steer arguments, URLs, or request bodies.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
96% confidence
Finding

The file implements generic user-account persistence, lookup, and default-user selection, which does not align with a frog skin moisture image-analysis skill. Such scope mismatch is dangerous because unrelated identity-handling code increases attack surface, enables unexpected data collection, and may indicate hidden multi-purpose behavior not disclosed by the skill manifest.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
97% confidence
Finding

The User model stores identity and authentication-related fields including username, realname, email, token, and open_token, none of which are justified by the frog moisture assessment purpose. Unnecessary storage of credential-like data raises privacy and security risk, especially if this code is reused in contexts where those values come from users or external systems.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Context-Inappropriate Capability

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

The code reads an identity value from workspace files, falls back to a local database, and creates a persistent default user if none exists. For a frog-image moisture assessment skill, persistent identity recovery and creation is unnecessary and dangerous because it silently establishes durable user linkage and state without a purpose tied to the declared functionality.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

High
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
99% confidence
Finding

This utility code performs account provisioning, token retrieval, token caching, and authenticated API setup that are unrelated to frog skin moisture image analysis. In the context of a narrowly scoped animal-health imaging skill, hidden identity bootstrap and account lifecycle behavior materially expands the privilege and data-handling surface, enabling undisclosed remote access and persistence beyond the declared purpose.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Undeclared Tool Scope

Medium
Category
MCP Least Privilege
Confidence
87% confidence
Finding

The skill advertises broad operational behavior that implies shell, filesystem, environment, and network access, but it does not declare any explicit tool scope or permission boundaries. In an agent framework, this increases the chance that the skill can invoke high-risk capabilities implicitly, making review, sandboxing, and least-privilege enforcement difficult.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Missing User Warnings

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
91% confidence
Finding

The skill description does not clearly warn users that uploaded files, URLs, and report queries are transmitted to cloud/API services. This undermines informed consent and can lead users to expose sensitive media, metadata, or history information without understanding that third-party processing and storage are involved.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Vague Triggers

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

The default trigger is broad enough to auto-invoke on general frog image or video analysis requests, which increases the chance of unintended uploads or execution without sufficiently specific user intent. Overbroad triggers are risky in agent systems because they can silently route data into remote processing paths or high-privilege workflows unexpectedly.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Description-Behavior Mismatch

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
93% confidence
Finding

The script exposes a history-listing feature tied to an internal user identity even though the declared skill purpose is only frog skin moisture assessment from images/video. This creates an unnecessary data-access surface and may allow users to enumerate or retrieve prior analysis results that are outside the expected function of the skill.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Natural-Language Policy Violations

Medium
Category
Not specified by scanner
Confidence
95% confidence
Finding

This code file contains user-facing natural-language strings for the argument parser and runtime messages entirely in Chinese. The file does not offer any language or locale selection, which creates a locale policy issue under the rule for forced language without user opt-in.

Content

No source excerpt is available for this finding.

Static analysis

Detected: suspicious.install_untrusted_source

Install source points to URL shortener or raw IP.

Warn
Code
suspicious.install_untrusted_source
Location
skills/smyx_common/scripts/config-dev.yaml:2