Reducing Entropy

More code begets more code. Entropy accumulates. This skill biases toward the smallest possible codebase.

---

WHAT This Skill Does

Provides a mindset and checklist for:

• Evaluating whether changes reduce or increase total code
• Finding opportunities to delete code
• Resisting premature abstraction
• Choosing the simplest solution that solves the problem

Core question: "What does the codebase look like after?"

WHEN To Use

Activate this skill when:

• Refactoring code and considering options
• Adding a new feature and choosing implementation approach
• Reviewing PRs to challenge unnecessary complexity
• Paying down tech debt and prioritizing what to simplify
• User explicitly asks for code reduction or simplification

---

The Goal

The goal is less total code in the final codebase — not less code to write right now.

Scenario	Verdict
Writing 50 lines that delete 200 lines	Net win ✓
Keeping 14 functions to avoid writing 2	Net loss ✗
"Better organized" but more code	More entropy ✗
"More flexible" but more code	More entropy ✗
"Cleaner separation" but more code	More entropy ✗

Measure the end state, not the effort.

---

Before You Begin

Load a mindset from references/:

1. List files in references/
2. Read frontmatter descriptions
3. Pick at least one that applies
4. State which you loaded and its core principle

Available mindsets:

• simplicity-vs-easy.md — Simple is objective; easy is subjective. Choose simple.
• design-is-taking-apart.md — Good design separates concerns, removes dependencies.
• data-over-abstractions.md — 100 functions on one structure beats 10 on 10.
• expensive-to-add-later.md — When YAGNI doesn't apply (PAGNI exceptions).

---

Three Questions

1. What's the smallest codebase that solves this?

Not "what's the smallest change" — what's the smallest result.

• Could this be 2 functions instead of 14?
• Could this be 0 functions (delete the feature)?
• What would we delete if we did this?

2. Does the proposed change result in less total code?

Count lines before and after. If after > before, challenge it.

Before: 847 lines across 12 files
After:  623 lines across 8 files
Verdict: ✓ Net reduction of 224 lines

3. What can we delete?

Every change is an opportunity to delete. Ask:

• What does this make obsolete?
• What was only needed because of what we're replacing?
• What's the maximum we could remove?

---

Red Flags

Phrase	What It Hides	Challenge
"Keep what exists"	Status quo bias	"Total code is the metric, not churn"
"This adds flexibility"	Speculative generality	"Flexibility for what? Is it needed now?"
"Better separation of concerns"	More files = more code	"Separation isn't free. Worth how many lines?"
"Type safety"	Sometimes bloats code	"Worth how many lines? Could runtime checks work?"
"Easier to understand"	More things ≠ easier	"14 things are not easier than 2 things"
"This is the pattern"	Pattern worship	"Does the pattern fit, or are we forcing it?"
"We might need this later"	YAGNI violation	"Delete it. Git remembers."

---

Deletion Checklist

Before completing any refactor, ask:

• Did I count lines before and after?
• Did I delete everything this change makes obsolete?
• Did I remove any now-unnecessary abstractions?
• Did I consolidate files that are too small to stand alone?
• Did I delete tests for deleted code?
• Did I update imports to remove dead dependencies?

---

When This Doesn't Apply

• The codebase is already minimal for what it does
• You're in a framework with strong conventions (don't fight it)
• Regulatory/compliance requirements mandate certain structures
• The "simpler" version would be genuinely unmaintainable (rare)

---

NEVER Do

1. NEVER keep code "in case we need it" — delete it; git has history
2. NEVER add abstractions for fewer than 3 use cases — wait for the pattern to emerge
3. NEVER create new files for single functions — colocate with usage
4. NEVER preserve code just because someone wrote it — evaluate on merit
5. NEVER accept "more organized" as justification for more code — organization should reduce, not increase
6. NEVER skip the line count — measure before and after; feelings lie
7. NEVER add "flexibility" without immediate need — YAGNI applies
8. NEVER refactor without deleting something — if nothing becomes obsolete, question the value

---

Quick Wins

Pattern	Action
Wrapper that just forwards calls	Inline the wrapped code
Config file with 2 settings	Move to environment variables
Utils file with 1 function	Move function to where it's used
Interface with 1 implementation	Delete the interface
Abstract class with 1 subclass	Merge into concrete class
Module that re-exports everything	Delete; import from source
Comments explaining obvious code	Delete comments; code is clear

---

The Grug Perspective

"complexity very very bad. say again: complexity very bad. you think you not, but you are."

Grug brain developer knows:

• Complexity demon hides in abstraction
• More code = more bugs = more complexity
• Best code is no code
• Second best code is simple code
• If you can't understand it in your head, it's too complex

---

References

Philosophical foundations for simplicity thinking:

Reference	Core Principle
simplicity-vs-easy.md	Simple (objective) vs easy (subjective) — choose simple
design-is-taking-apart.md	Good design separates; composition beats construction
data-over-abstractions.md	Generic data + many functions beats many custom types
expensive-to-add-later.md	PAGNI exceptions — what you probably are gonna need

External resources:

• Simple Made Easy — Rich Hickey
• The Grug Brained Developer
• Out of the Tar Pit — Moseley & Marks