Mac Control

Automate Mac UI interactions using cliclick (mouse/keyboard) and system tools.

Tools

• cliclick: /opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick - mouse/keyboard control
• screencapture: Built-in screenshot tool
• magick: ImageMagick for image analysis
• osascript: AppleScript for window info

Coordinate System (Eason's Mac Mini)

Current setup: 1920x1080 display, 1:1 scaling (no conversion needed!)

• Screenshot coords = cliclick coords
• If screenshot shows element at (800, 500), click at (800, 500)

For Retina Displays (2x)

If screenshot is 2x the logical resolution:

# Convert: cliclick_coords = screenshot_coords / 2
cliclick c:$((screenshot_x / 2)),$((screenshot_y / 2))

Calibration Script

Run to verify your scale factor:

/Users/eason/clawd/scripts/calibrate-cursor.sh

cliclick Commands

# Click at coordinates
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:500,300

# Move mouse (no click) - Note: may not visually update cursor
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick m:500,300

# Double-click
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick dc:500,300

# Right-click
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick rc:500,300

# Click and drag
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick dd:100,100 du:200,200

# Type text
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick t:"hello world"

# Press key (Return, Escape, Tab, etc.)
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick kp:return
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick kp:escape

# Key with modifier (cmd+w to close window)
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick kd:cmd t:w ku:cmd

# Get current mouse position
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick p

# Wait before action (ms)
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick -w 100 c:500,300

Screenshots

# Full screen (silent)
/usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/screenshot.png

# With cursor (may not work for custom cursor colors)
/usr/sbin/screencapture -C -x /tmp/screenshot.png

# Interactive region selection
screencapture -i region.png

# Delayed capture
screencapture -T 3 -x delayed.png  # 3 second delay

Workflow: Screenshot → Analyze → Click

Best practice for reliable clicking:

1. Take screenshot

   /usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/screen.png
   

2. View screenshot (Read tool) to find target coordinates

3. Click at those coordinates (1:1 on 1920x1080)

   /opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:X,Y
   

4. Verify by taking another screenshot

Example: Click a button

# 1. Screenshot
/usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/before.png

# 2. View image, find button at (850, 450)
# (Use Read tool on /tmp/before.png)

# 3. Click
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:850,450

# 4. Verify
/usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/after.png

Window Bounds

# Get Chrome window bounds
osascript -e 'tell application "Google Chrome" to get bounds of front window'
# Returns: 0, 38, 1920, 1080  (left, top, right, bottom)

Common Patterns

Chrome Extension Icon (Browser Relay)

Use AppleScript to find exact button position:

# Find Clawdbot extension button position
osascript -e '
tell application "System Events"
    tell process "Google Chrome"
        set toolbarGroup to group 2 of group 3 of toolbar 1 of group 1 of group 1 of group 1 of group 1 of group 1 of window 1
        set allButtons to every pop up button of toolbarGroup
        repeat with btn in allButtons
            if description of btn contains "Clawdbot" then
                return position of btn & size of btn
            end if
        end repeat
    end tell
end tell
'
# Output: 1755, 71, 34, 34 (x, y, width, height)

# Click center of button
# center_x = x + width/2 = 1755 + 17 = 1772
# center_y = y + height/2 = 71 + 17 = 88
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:1772,88

Clicking by Color Detection

If you need to find a specific colored element:

# Find red (#FF0000) pixels in screenshot
magick /tmp/screen.png txt:- | grep "#FF0000" | head -5

# Calculate center of colored region
magick /tmp/screen.png txt:- | grep "#FF0000" | awk -F'[,:]' '
  BEGIN{sx=0;sy=0;c=0}
  {sx+=$1;sy+=$2;c++}
  END{printf "Center: (%d, %d)\n", sx/c, sy/c}'

Dialog Button Click

1. Screenshot the dialog
2. Find button coordinates visually
3. Click (no scaling on 1920x1080)

# Example: Click "OK" button at (960, 540)
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:960,540

Type in Text Field

# Click to focus, then type
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:500,300
sleep 0.2
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick t:"Hello world"
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick kp:return

Helper Scripts

Located in /Users/eason/clawd/scripts/:

• calibrate-cursor.sh - Calibrate coordinate scaling
• click-at-visual.sh - Click at screenshot coordinates
• get-cursor-pos.sh - Get current cursor position
• attach-browser-relay.sh - Auto-click Browser Relay extension

Keyboard Navigation (When Clicks Fail)

Google OAuth and protected pages block synthetic mouse clicks! Use keyboard navigation:

# Tab to navigate between elements
osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to keystroke tab'

# Shift+Tab to go backwards
osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to key code 48 using shift down'

# Enter to activate focused element
osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to keystroke return'

# Full workflow: Tab 3 times then Enter
osascript -e '
tell application "System Events"
    keystroke tab
    delay 0.15
    keystroke tab
    delay 0.15
    keystroke tab
    delay 0.15
    keystroke return
end tell
'

When to use keyboard instead of mouse:

• Google OAuth / login pages (anti-automation protection)
• Popup dialogs with focus trapping
• When mouse clicks consistently fail after verification

Chrome Browser Relay & Multiple Windows

Problem: Browser Relay may list tabs from multiple Chrome windows, causing snapshot to fail on the desired tab.

Solution:

1. Close extra Chrome windows before automation
2. Or ensure only the target window has relay attached

Check tabs visible to relay:

# In agent code
browser action=tabs profile=chrome

If target tab missing from list → wrong window attached.

Verify single window:

osascript -e 'tell application "Google Chrome" to return count of windows'

Verify-Before-Click Workflow

Critical: Always verify coordinates BEFORE clicking important buttons.

# 1. Take screenshot
osascript -e 'do shell script "/usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/before.png"'

# 2. View screenshot (Read tool), note target position

# 3. Move mouse to verify position (optional)
python3 -c "import pyautogui; pyautogui.moveTo(X, Y)"
osascript -e 'do shell script "/usr/sbin/screencapture -C -x /tmp/verify.png"'

# 4. Check cursor is on target, THEN click
/opt/homebrew/bin/cliclick c:X,Y

# 5. Take screenshot to confirm action worked
osascript -e 'do shell script "/usr/sbin/screencapture -x /tmp/after.png"'

Troubleshooting

Click lands wrong: Verify scale factor with calibration script

cliclick m: doesn't move cursor visually: Use c: (click) instead, or check with cliclick p to confirm position changed

Permission denied: System Settings → Privacy & Security → Accessibility → Add /opt/homebrew/bin/node

Window not found: Check exact app name:

osascript -e 'tell application "System Events" to get name of every process whose background only is false'

Clicks ignored on OAuth/protected pages: These pages block synthetic events. Use keyboard navigation (Tab + Enter) instead.

pyautogui vs cliclick coordinates differ: Stick with cliclick for consistency. pyautogui may have different coordinate mapping.

Quartz CGEvent clicks don't work: Some pages (Google OAuth) block low-level mouse events too. Keyboard is the only reliable method.