mkisofs

Create and manage ISO 9660 images using mkisofs, genisoimage, or xorriso for standard, bootable, UEFI, hybrid, and multi-boot ISO creation.

Security Scan

The skill is an instruction-only guide for creating and managing ISO images using mkisofs/xorriso and is internally consistent with no unexpected credential or network requests.

Purpose & Capability

The name/description match the SKILL.md content: examples and installation instructions target mkisofs, xorriso, and isolinux for creating bootable, UEFI, hybrid, and multi-boot ISOs. package.json metadata aligns with the stated purpose. (Minor note: SKILL.md lists version 1.0.0 while registry shows 1.0.1 — cosmetic.)

Instruction Scope

Instructions stay within ISO creation tasks (mkisofs/xorriso/isoinfo/mount/xorriso editing). They reference system paths (e.g., /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin) and commands that interact with local files and loop mounts; these require appropriate privileges and can modify local disks if misused. There is no instruction to read unrelated credentials, network endpoints, or other agents' config.

Install Mechanism

No install spec is provided (instruction-only), so nothing is downloaded or written by the skill itself. The SKILL.md recommends installing packages via standard distro package managers (dnf/apt/zypper), which is proportionate and expected.

Credentials

The skill declares no required environment variables, credentials, or config paths and the instructions do not attempt to access secrets. No disproportionate credential or env access is requested.

Persistence & Privilege

always is false and autonomous invocation is allowed (platform default). The skill does not request persistent system modifications, nor does it instruct changing other skills' configs or storing credentials.

Assessment

This skill is an offline, instructive guide for building and manipulating ISO images. Before using: 1) Confirm you install mkisofs/xorriso/isolinux from your distro's official packages (avoid random downloads). 2) Be aware many commands require elevated privileges (mount -o loop, writing to /dev, using isohybrid), so review commands before running them and avoid running as root unless necessary. 3) Double-check paths (source directories, isolinux/syslinux binaries) to avoid overwriting files or modifying your system boot setup. 4) The skill does not access secrets or external endpoints, but any commands it suggests will run locally — always review and understand them before executing.

Mkisofs Skill - ISO 镜像创建

技能描述 | Skill Description

名称 | Name: mkisofs
版本 | Version: 1.0.0
作者 | Author: OS Build Agent
领域 | Domain: ISO 9660 Image Creation

专业的 ISO 镜像创建和管理技能，支持 mkisofs/genisoimage/xorriso 等工具，用于创建可启动和不可启动的 ISO 镜像。

Professional ISO image creation and management skill supporting mkisofs/genisoimage/xorriso tools for creating bootable and non-bootable ISO images.

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功能列表 | Features

1. ISO 创建 | ISO Creation

• 创建标准 ISO | Create standard ISO
• 创建可启动 ISO | Create bootable ISO
• 创建 UEFI 启动 ISO | Create UEFI bootable ISO
• 创建混合 ISO | Create hybrid ISO
• 多启动镜像支持 | Multi-boot image support

2. 文件系统 | Filesystem

• ISO 9660 支持 | ISO 9660 support
• Joliet 扩展 | Joliet extensions
• Rock Ridge 扩展 | Rock Ridge extensions
• UDF 支持 | UDF support

3. 启动配置 | Boot Configuration

• El Torito 启动 | El Torito boot
• ISOLINUX 配置 | ISOLINUX config
• GRUB2 集成 | GRUB2 integration
• 混合 MBR/GPT | Hybrid MBR/GPT

4. 镜像操作 | Image Operations

• 镜像信息查看 | View image info
• 镜像挂载 | Mount image
• 镜像提取 | Extract image
• 镜像修改 | Modify image

5. 验证测试 | Verification

• 启动测试 | Boot test
• 完整性校验 | Integrity check
• 兼容性测试 | Compatibility test

---

配置 | Configuration

工具安装 | Tool Installation

# RHEL/Fedora
dnf install mkisofs xorriso isolinux

# openSUSE
zypper install mkisofs xorriso isolinux

# Debian/Ubuntu
apt-get install mkisofs xorriso isolinux

常用目录结构 | Common Directory Structure

iso_root/
├── isolinux/
│   ├── isolinux.bin      # ISOLINUX 引导程序
│   ├── isolinux.cfg      # ISOLINUX 配置
│   └── boot.cat         # 启动目录表
├── images/
│   ├── efiboot.img      # UEFI 启动镜像
│   └── hdboot.img       # 硬盘启动镜像
├── packages/            # RPM/DEB 包
├── docs/                # 文档
└── README.txt           # 说明文件

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使用示例 | Usage Examples

基本 ISO 创建 | Basic ISO Creation

# 创建标准 ISO 镜像
# Create standard ISO image
mkisofs -o output.iso /path/to/source

# 创建带卷标的 ISO
# Create ISO with volume label
mkisofs -o output.iso \
  -V "MY_VOLUME" \
  /path/to/source

# 创建带 Joliet 支持的 ISO (Windows 兼容)
# Create ISO with Joliet support (Windows compatible)
mkisofs -o output.iso \
  -J \
  -V "MY_VOLUME" \
  /path/to/source

# 创建带 Rock Ridge 支持的 ISO (Unix 兼容)
# Create ISO with Rock Ridge support (Unix compatible)
mkisofs -o output.iso \
  -R \
  -V "MY_VOLUME" \
  /path/to/source

# 创建完全兼容的 ISO (Joliet + Rock Ridge)
# Create fully compatible ISO (Joliet + Rock Ridge)
mkisofs -o output.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "MY_VOLUME" \
  -allow-lowercase \
  /path/to/source

可启动 ISO 创建 | Bootable ISO Creation

# 创建 ISOLINUX 启动 ISO
# Create ISOLINUX bootable ISO
mkisofs -o bootable.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "BOOT_ISO" \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  -isolinux-dir isolinux \
  /path/to/iso_root

# 创建 UEFI 启动 ISO
# Create UEFI bootable ISO
mkisofs -o uefi.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "UEFI_ISO" \
  -b images/efiboot.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 1 \
  -boot-info-table \
  /path/to/iso_root

# 创建 BIOS+UEFI 混合启动 ISO
# Create BIOS+UEFI hybrid bootable ISO
mkisofs -o hybrid.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "HYBRID_ISO" \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -b images/efiboot.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  /path/to/iso_root

使用 xorriso 创建 ISO | Create ISO with xorriso

# 基本创建
# Basic creation
xorriso -as mkisofs \
  -o output.iso \
  -V "MY_VOLUME" \
  /path/to/source

# 创建可启动 ISO
# Create bootable ISO
xorriso -as mkisofs \
  -o bootable.iso \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  /path/to/iso_root

# 创建混合 ISO (支持 USB 启动)
# Create hybrid ISO (USB bootable)
xorriso -as mkisofs \
  -o hybrid.iso \
  -isohybrid-mbr /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -b images/efiboot.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -isohybrid-gpt-basdat \
  /path/to/iso_root

ISOLINUX 配置 | ISOLINUX Configuration

# isolinux.cfg 示例
# isolinux.cfg example
cat > isolinux/isolinux.cfg << 'EOF'
DEFAULT linux
LABEL linux
  MENU LABEL Boot System
  KERNEL vmlinuz
  APPEND initrd=initrd.img root=live:CDLABEL=MY_VOLUME
  LABEL rescue
  MENU LABEL Rescue Mode
  KERNEL vmlinuz
  APPEND initrd=initrd.img rescue
TIMEOUT 600
PROMPT 1
EOF

GRUB2 启动配置 | GRUB2 Boot Configuration

# 创建 GRUB2 启动 ISO
# Create GRUB2 bootable ISO
mkisofs -o grub2.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "GRUB2_ISO" \
  -b boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -b boot/grub/efi.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  /path/to/iso_root

# grub.cfg 示例
# grub.cfg example
cat > boot/grub/grub.cfg << 'EOF'
set timeout=5
menuentry "Boot System" {
  linux /vmlinuz root=live:CDLABEL=MY_VOLUME
  initrd /initrd.img
}
menuentry "Rescue Mode" {
  linux /vmlinuz rescue
  initrd /initrd.img
}
EOF

镜像操作 | Image Operations

# 查看 ISO 信息
# View ISO info
isoinfo -d -i output.iso

# 列出 ISO 内容
# List ISO contents
isoinfo -l -i output.iso

# 挂载 ISO
# Mount ISO
mount -o loop output.iso /mnt/iso

# 提取 ISO 内容
# Extract ISO contents
xorriso -osirrox on -indev output.iso -extract / /path/to/extract

# 添加到现有 ISO
# Add to existing ISO
xorriso -indev input.iso -outdev output.iso \
  -add /path/to/new/file /new/file

# 从 ISO 删除文件
# Delete file from ISO
xorriso -indev input.iso -outdev output.iso \
  -rm /path/to/file

# 转换 ISO 格式
# Convert ISO format
xorriso -indev input.iso -outdev output.udf \
  -as udfformat

验证和测试 | Verification and Testing

# 检查 ISO 完整性
# Check ISO integrity
isoinfo -d -i output.iso

# 验证启动信息
# Verify boot info
isoinfo -l -i bootable.iso | grep -E "isolinux|boot"

# 检查文件大小
# Check file size
ls -lh output.iso

# 计算校验和
# Calculate checksum
sha256sum output.iso

# 测试挂载
# Test mount
mount -o loop,ro output.iso /mnt/test
ls /mnt/test
umount /mnt/test

---

高级用法 | Advanced Usage

多启动 ISO | Multi-boot ISO

# 创建多启动 ISO (多个启动镜像)
# Create multi-boot ISO (multiple boot images)
mkisofs -o multiboot.iso \
  -J -R \
  -V "MULTIBOOT" \
  -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
  -c isolinux/boot.cat \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -boot-load-size 4 \
  -boot-info-table \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -b images/efiboot.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  -eltorito-alt-boot \
  -b images/hdboot.img \
  -no-emul-boot \
  /path/to/iso_root

UDF 格式 ISO | UDF Format ISO

# 创建 UDF 格式 ISO (支持大文件)
# Create UDF format ISO (supports large files)
xorriso -as mkisofs \
  -o output.udf \
  -V "UDF_VOLUME" \
  -udf \
  /path/to/source

# 创建 ISO+UDF 混合格式
# Create ISO+UDF hybrid format
xorriso -as mkisofs \
  -o hybrid.iso \
  -V "HYBRID" \
  -iso-level 3 \
  -udf \
  /path/to/source

压缩 ISO | Compressed ISO

# 创建压缩 ISO (xz)
# Create compressed ISO (xz)
mkisofs -o - /path/to/source | xz > output.iso.xz

# 解压并挂载
# Decompress and mount
xzcat output.iso.xz | mount -o loop -t iso9660 /dev/stdin /mnt/iso

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命令参考 | Command Reference

mkisofs/genisoimage 选项 | Options

选项	Option	描述	Description
-o	output	输出文件	Output file
-V	volume-id	卷标	Volume label
-J	joliet	Joliet 扩展	Joliet extensions
-R	rock-ridge	Rock Ridge 扩展	Rock Ridge extensions
-b	boot-image	启动镜像	Boot image
-c	boot-catalog	启动目录表	Boot catalog
-no-emul-boot	no emulation	无模拟启动	No emulation boot
-boot-load-size	load size	加载扇区数	Load sectors
-boot-info-table	info table	启动信息表	Boot info table
-eltorito-alt-boot	alt boot	备用启动	Alternative boot
-allow-lowercase	lowercase	允许小写	Allow lowercase

xorriso 命令 | Commands

命令	Command	描述	Description
-as mkisofs	mkisofs mode	mkisofs 兼容模式	mkisofs compatible
-indev	input device	输入镜像	Input image
-outdev	output device	输出镜像	Output image
-add	add	添加文件	Add files
-rm	remove	删除文件	Remove files
-extract	extract	提取文件	Extract files
-osirrox on	osirrox	启用提取	Enable extraction

---

最佳实践 | Best Practices

1. 兼容性 | Compatibility

• 使用 Joliet+Rock Ridge 确保跨平台兼容
• Use Joliet+Rock Ridge for cross-platform compatibility
• 测试在不同系统上的挂载
• Test mounting on different systems

2. 启动测试 | Boot Testing

• 在虚拟机中测试启动
• Test boot in VM
• 验证 BIOS 和 UEFI 启动
• Verify both BIOS and UEFI boot

3. 文件大小 | File Size

• 对于>4GB 文件使用 UDF 格式
• Use UDF for files >4GB
• 考虑压缩大镜像
• Consider compressing large images

---

故障排除 | Troubleshooting

启动失败 | Boot Failed

# 检查启动文件是否存在
# Check if boot files exist
isoinfo -l -i bootable.iso | grep -E "isolinux|boot"

# 验证启动配置
# Verify boot configuration
cat isolinux/isolinux.cfg

挂载失败 | Mount Failed

# 检查文件系统类型
# Check filesystem type
file output.iso

# 尝试不同文件系统
# Try different filesystem
mount -t iso9660 -o loop output.iso /mnt
mount -t udf -o loop output.iso /mnt

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参考资料 | References

• mkisofs 手册 | mkisofs Manual
• xorriso 文档 | xorriso Docs
• ISOLINUX 文档 | ISOLINUX Docs
• El Torito 规范 | El Torito Spec

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许可证 | License

MIT License

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更新日志 | Changelog

v1.0.0 (2026-03-23)

• 初始版本，完整的 ISO 创建支持
• Initial release with full ISO creation support
• 中英文双语文档
• Bilingual documentation (Chinese/English)