# Pediatric Dosage Reference

Common pediatric dosages for children. **Always verify weight and age before dosing.**

> **Disclaimer**: This is a quick-reference guide. Always confirm with current medical guidelines and the specific drug's package insert.

## Fever / Pain

| Drug | Dose | Max Daily | Interval | Notes |
|------|------|-----------|----------|-------|
| Ibuprofen (布洛芬) | 5-10 mg/kg | 40 mg/kg | 6-8h | ≥6 months |
| Paracetamol (对乙酰氨基酚) | 10-15 mg/kg | 60 mg/kg | 4-6h | ≥2 months |

**Example calculations:**
- 10kg child: Ibuprofen 50-100mg/dose; Paracetamol 100-150mg/dose
- 15kg child: Ibuprofen 75-150mg/dose; Paracetamol 150-225mg/dose
- 20kg child: Ibuprofen 100-200mg/dose; Paracetamol 200-300mg/dose

## Antibiotics (common)

| Drug | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Notes |
|------|------|-----------|----------|-------|
| Amoxicillin (阿莫西林) | 25-50 mg/kg/day | Divided 2-3× | 7-10d | Contraindicated in penicillin allergy |
| Azithromycin (阿奇霉素) | 10 mg/kg/day | 1×/day | 3d (or 5d taper) | After meals |
| Cefaclor (头孢克洛) | 20-40 mg/kg/day | Divided 3× | 7-10d | Contraindicated in cephalosporin allergy |
| Cefdinir (头孢地尼) | 7-14 mg/kg/day | Divided 1-2× | 5-10d | Contraindicated in cephalosporin allergy |

### Oseltamivir (奥司他韦) Weight-Based Dosing

| Weight | Dose | Frequency | Duration |
|--------|------|-----------|----------|
| ≤15kg | 30mg | 2×/day | 5d |
| 15-23kg | 45mg | 2×/day | 5d |
| 23-40kg | 60mg | 2×/day | 5d |
| >40kg | 75mg | 2×/day | 5d |

> Best started within 48 hours of symptom onset.

## Allergy / Asthma

| Drug | Age/Weight Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|------|-----------------|-----------|-------|
| Cetirizine (西替利嗪) | 6mo-2yr: 2.5mg/day | 1×/day | Drops |
| Cetirizine (西替利嗪) | 2-6yr: 5mg/day | 1× or divided | Drops/syrup |
| Cetirizine (西替利嗪) | 6yr+: 10mg/day | 1×/day | Tablets |
| Loratadine (氯雷他定) | 2-12yr (≤30kg): 5mg/day | 1×/day | Syrup |
| Loratadine (氯雷他定) | 2-12yr (>30kg): 10mg/day | 1×/day | Tablets |
| Montelukast (孟鲁司特) | 6mo-5yr: 4mg/day | Evening 1× | Granules/chewable |
| Montelukast (孟鲁司特) | 6-14yr: 5mg/day | Evening 1× | Chewable |
| Montelukast (孟鲁司特) | 15yr+: 10mg/day | Evening 1× | Tablets |

## Cough / Expectorant

| Drug | Age Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|------|----------|-----------|-------|
| Ambroxol oral solution (氨溴索) | 2-5yr: 2.5ml | 3×/day | 15mg/5ml strength |
| Ambroxol oral solution (氨溴索) | >5yr: 5ml | 3×/day | |
| Feilike mixture (肺力咳合剂) | 1-3yr: 5ml | 3×/day | |
| Feilike mixture (肺力咳合剂) | 4-7yr: 10ml | 3×/day | |
| Feilike mixture (肺力咳合剂) | 8-14yr: 15ml | 3×/day | |

## Diarrhea / GI

| Drug | Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|------|------|-----------|-------|
| Smectite powder (蒙脱石散) | <1yr: 1g/dose (1/3 sachet) | 3×/day | Mix with 50ml water |
| Smectite powder (蒙脱石散) | 1-2yr: 2g/dose (2/3 sachet) | 3×/day | |
| Smectite powder (蒙脱石散) | >2yr: 3g/dose (1 sachet) | 3×/day | |
| ORS III | As needed | Small frequent sips | Prevent dehydration |
| Probiotics | Per product label | 2-3×/day | Separate from antibiotics by 2h |

## Contraindicated in Children

| Drug | Reason | Age Limit |
|------|--------|-----------|
| Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin (左氧氟沙星/莫西沙星) | Cartilage development | <18 years |
| Aspirin (for fever) | Reye's syndrome risk | <12 years |
| Norfloxacin (诺氟沙星) | Cartilage development | <18 years |
| Compound Licorice tablets (复方甘草片) | Contains opium/camphor | <6 years |
| Codeine (可待因) | Respiratory depression | <12 years |
| Promethazine (异丙嗪) | Respiratory depression | <2 years |

## Important Notes

1. **Dose by weight, not age** — weight is more accurate for pediatric dosing
2. **Fever meds**: alternating ibuprofen and paracetamol is not recommended as routine practice
3. **Antibiotics**: always complete the full course; do not stop early
4. **Inhaled meds**: rinse mouth after use (older children) or wipe face (infants)
5. **Always confirm allergies** before prescribing, especially penicillin and cephalosporins
6. **Avoid unnecessary medications** in children — supportive care is often sufficient

## Sources
- 《诸福棠实用儿科学》第 9 版
- AAP Red Book 2021-2024
- 《中华人民共和国药典临床用药须知·儿科卷》
- WHO Essential Medicines for Children