# Livestock Disease Reference

Use this file when the user reports symptoms, asks about disease prevention, or
needs treatment guidance. Always recommend a licensed veterinarian for definitive
diagnosis and emergency cases.

---

## Urgency Levels

- `emergency` — life-threatening or legally notifiable; act immediately
- `high` — significant production loss or welfare risk; treat within hours
- `medium` — important but manageable; monitor and schedule treatment
- `low` — mild; monitor and apply preventive measures

---

## Disease Entries

### Fiebre Aftosa (FMD)
- **Type:** viral | **Urgency:** emergency | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine
- **Symptoms:** high fever, mouth and hoof vesicles, excessive salivation, lameness, drop in milk production
- **Prevention:** regular vaccination, movement controls, quarantine new arrivals
- **Treatment:** No specific treatment. Supportive care only. **Mandatory government notification.**

---

### Brucelosis
- **Type:** bacterial | **Urgency:** high | **Zoonosis:** ⚠️ YES — transmissible to humans via raw milk or contact
- **Species:** bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine
- **Symptoms:** late-term abortions, retained placenta, infertility, arthritis
- **Prevention:** vaccination (strain RB51 or strain 19), periodic serological testing, quarantine new stock
- **Treatment:** Antibiotics in specific cases. Reactor animals are typically culled. Report to authorities.

---

### Mastitis
- **Type:** bacterial | **Urgency:** medium | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine, ovine, caprine
- **Symptoms:** udder swelling, pain on palpation, clots or blood in milk, reduced milk yield, fever (acute)
- **Prevention:** good milking hygiene, post-milking teat dipping, dry-off antibiotic therapy, clean facilities
- **Treatment:** Intramammary and/or systemic antibiotics. Consult veterinarian for selection.

---

### Neumonía Bovina (Bovine Respiratory Disease)
- **Type:** bacterial | **Urgency:** high | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine
- **Symptoms:** fever >40 °C, nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea, depression, anorexia
- **Prevention:** IBR/BVD/BRSV vaccination, adequate ventilation, reduce transport stress
- **Treatment:** Broad-spectrum antibiotics + NSAIDs. Begin treatment immediately for best outcome.

---

### Garrapatas — Rhipicephalus microplus (Cattle Tick)
- **Type:** parasitic | **Urgency:** medium | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine, equine
- **Symptoms:** weight loss, anaemia, reduced production; vector for babesiosis and anaplasmosis
- **Prevention:** scheduled acaricide baths, pasture hygiene, tick-resistant breeds (Brahman), paddock rotation
- **Treatment:** Acaricides (amitraz, organophosphates, ivermectins). Rotate active ingredients to prevent resistance.

---

### Diarrea Neonatal (Neonatal Scours / Colibacillosis)
- **Type:** bacterial | **Urgency:** high | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine
- **Symptoms:** watery diarrhoea, rapid dehydration, weakness, fast weight loss
- **Prevention:** adequate colostrum within the first 6 hours of life, clean calving area, dam vaccination
- **Treatment:** Oral or IV rehydration. Antibiotics if septicaemia suspected. Urgent veterinary attention for neonates.

---

### Hipocalcemia — Fiebre de Leche (Milk Fever)
- **Type:** metabolic | **Urgency:** emergency | **Zoonosis:** no
- **Species:** bovine, ovine, caprine
- **Symptoms:** inability to rise, loss of consciousness, low body temperature, flaccid muscles
- **Prevention:** pre-calving anionic diet, calcium supplementation during transition, avoid over-conditioned cows at calving
- **Treatment:** IV calcium gluconate. Rapid response expected. Consult veterinarian.

---

## Quick Symptom Guide

| Symptom | Possible diseases |
|---|---|
| Mouth vesicles + lameness | Fiebre Aftosa (emergency) |
| Late-term abortion | Brucelosis (high — zoonosis) |
| Clots in milk | Mastitis (medium) |
| Cough + fever + nasal discharge | Neumonía Bovina (high) |
| Watery diarrhoea in newborn | Diarrea Neonatal (high) |
| Cow down after calving | Hipocalcemia (emergency) |
| Anaemia + tick infestation | Garrapatas (medium) |